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Historical Time Line
1974 - 1999
1974. Tuesday 5th February. Massed Bands Concert at the Royal Albert Hall in aid of the Royal Marines Museum fund.
1974. February.
50-51Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1974. Friday 22nd
March. Marine James Macklin aged 28 was fatally wounded on patrol in
North
belfast. While serving in 42 Commando. He died on Thursday 28th March
1974.
1974. Wednesday 10th April. 55 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. The Kings Badge was awarded to D. Livingstone. Squad Photo.
1974.Tuesday 23rd
April. The Corps was affiliated to the Church of St Lawrence Jewry, Guildhall.
Worshipful Company of Armourers and Brasiers make an annual award to
the Royal Marine who achieves the best results on the Armourers 3 course.
Worshipful Company of Plaisterers presented a painting of 55 Canberra at San
Carlos to the Corps in 1983. Since 1985 the Commandant General has been an
honorary member of the Company during his appointment.
City of London.
It is often erroneously believed that the Royal Marines have the Freedom of the
City of London. No Regiment has such a distinction. However, from the Corps
origins in the Trained Bands of the City of London, they were permitted to
recruit from within the city bounds and therefore, along with other selected
regiments, are permitted to march through the City 'with drums beating, Colours
flying, and bayonets fixed'.
1974. Tuesday 14th May.
98 Troop commenced training at the Deal Depot.
1974. May. 56Je. Kings
Squad passed for duty at Lympstone The Kings Badge was awarded to I. Clarke.
1974. May. 87Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. The Kings Badge was awarded to Marine D.L. Robinson. Squad Photo.
1974. May. 203 Kings
Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine John Davidson was awarded the Kings
Badge.
1974. Saturday 20th
July. Following the invasion of Cyprus by Turkey, 41 Commando RM
embarked
in HMS 'Albion' to evacuate British civilians from Kyrenia. They
returned
to Malta by mid September.
1974. Friday 30th
August. 98Je. Troop completed training at the Deal Depot.
1974. Saturday 28th
September. 201Je. Troop commenced training at the Deal Depot.
1974. Thursday 10th
October. 202Je. Troop commenced training at the Deal Depot.
1974. Wednesday 22nd
November. 201Je. Troop completed training at the Deal Depot.
1974. Tuesday 21st November.
66Je. Kings Squad passed for duty from Lympstone. Roger Brown was
awarded the
Kings Badge.
1974. November 92Je.
Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1974. Friday 6th
December. 202Je. Troop completed training at the Deal Depot.
1974. Corps Strength at
that time was 7,770.
1974 - 1984. The Royal Marines undertook three United Nations tours of duty in Cyprus. The first was in November 1974 when 41 Commando took over the Limassol District from the 2nd Battalion of the Guards Brigade and became the first Commando to wear the light blue berets of the UN when they began the Corps' first six-month tour with the UN forces in Cyprus.
1974 - 1975. The British
Defence Review called for the reduction of the Royal Marines from 7,770
men to
6,865. This diminution was to be achieved by the disbandment of 41
Commando RM
of 4 Command Gp. Troops of 41 Commando were to return to England in
April 1977,
leaving behind a reinforced company of about 200 men who were to remain
in
Malta until March 1979.
1975. 41 Commando Royal
Marines were based in Malta, when 'Salerno Flight' was formed with
Captain
Rodney Helme RM as the OC (he replaced the original OC who was an Army
Gunner),
and Sergeant Blain as one of the pilots. Their Gazelle, 381 and
383, were
allocated from the 3 BAS aircraft at Coypool, and Lieutenant Steve
Bidmead RM,
Lieutenant Derek Blevins RM and Sergeant Paul Braithwaite RM were
tasked with
delivering the Gazelle to Malta.
1975. Tuesday. 4th
February. Massed Bands Concert at the Royal Albert Hall in aid of the
Sir
Malcolm Sergeant Cancer Fund for children, and Corps Charities.
1975. Friday 14th March. 203 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. John Davidson was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad Photo.
1975. Friday 14th
March. 98-99 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1975. April. 200 Kings
Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1975. Friday 23rd May. 73Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Taff Res's was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad Photo
1975. Wednesday 18th June. Royal Marines on the distant granite outcrop of Rockall.
'Fears of Fuel' Shortages In the 1960s and 1970s, many feared that oil
supplies would run out. Resource scarcity and the effects of pollution
would 'limit growth'. Fritz Schumacher, economist at the National Coal
Board feared 'The twilight of the fuel gods will be upon us in the not
too distant future.'
In the early 1970s OPEC's attempt to force up oil prices frightened the
West. Sourcing other oil supplies became an obsession for Britain and
other non-OPEC countries.
So, when he ceremonially pumped ashore the first North Sea oil on 18
June 1975, Britain's Energy Minister called it a day for 'national
celebration'.
The UK Government was, however, thinking ahead. That same month, well
out of the public gaze, the military landed two Royal Marines on the
distant granite outcrop of Rockall, 250 miles into the Atlantic. In
full formal uniform, they posed for photographs - not released at the
time - standing to attention on the 75 foot high rock next to a sentry
box delivered by helicopter.
Britain Stakes its Claim
In May 1985, the reasons for this bizarre action became clear, when
Britain announced its Ninth Round of licensing blocks of sea for oil
development, including the 'frontier' area of the Atlantic.
Denmark, Ireland and Iceland all protested the Rockall-based claim on
the grounds that it contravened Article 121 of the Law of the Sea
Convention. (They continue to do so and territorial disputes over the
region may end up in the International Court of Justice.) Like dozens
of other disputes around the world, it was a resource conflict.
The Diplomatic Correspondent of the Daily Telegraph noted that: 'Far
out in the Atlantic west of Rockall, four nations are demonstrating
that old style imperialism is still alive and well.' As the newspaper
noted, 'Britain's claims for mineral, oil and fishing rights have been
challenged by Ireland, Iceland and Denmark.(Author and photo Unknown)
1975. May. 203
Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. John Davidson was awarded
the Kings
Badge.
1975. Friday 4th July. 204 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. The Kings Badge was awared to Neil West. Squad Photo.
1975. Friday 25th July. 76Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Alex Grant was awarded the Kings Badge.
1975. September. 78Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine D.R.Stringer was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad Photo.
1975. Tuesday 21st October. 217 Squad formed up and started training at the Deal Depot. Squad Photo.
1975. October. 208 Troop passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine Trevor Lewton was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad Photo.
1975. October - May 1975. 40 / 41 Commandos served with the UN Forces in Cyprus.
1975. November. 209Je.
and 80 Kings Squad (amalgamated) and passed for duty at Lympstone.
1975. Corps Marches 'A life on the Ocean Waves', 'Sarie Marais' and 'Preobrajensky' in place of 'Globe and Laurel' confirmed.
1976. January. 210
Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1976. Tuesday 13th
January. 219Je. Troop commenced training at the Deal Depot.
1976. January. 82Je.
Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. The Kings Badge was awarded to R. Tinson.
1976. February. 211
Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine I.S. Robertson was awarded the Kings Badge.
1976. Saturday 6th
March. 219Je. completed training ath the Deal Depot.
1976. March. 84 Kings
squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1976. March. 212 Kings
Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine C. Smith was awarded the Kings badge.
1976. Tuesday 6th
April. 86Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. The Kings Badge was awarded to M.S. Bradshaw..
1976. Tuesday 8th June.
Massed Mands Beat Retreat on Horse Guards Parade.
1976. Monday 13th June.
88Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. The Kings Badge was awarded to D.A. Greedus..
1976. June. 214 Kings
Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine Mick Richardson was awarded the
Kings
Badge.
1976. June. 215 Kings
Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1976. June. 216 Kings
Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1976. July. 90Je. Kings
Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. The Kings Badge was awarded to Marine D.A. Hopley.
1976. August. 218 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine J.L.Hodgsoin was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad Photo.
1976. Tuesday 21st September. 225 Troop commenced training at the Deal Depot. Squad Photo.
1976. Wednesday 26th
October. 226Je. Troop commenced training at the Depot Deal.
1976. Monday 9th
November. 227Je. Troop commenced training at the Deal Depot.
1976. Friday 12th November. 92Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine Bassford was awarded the Kings Badge . Squad Photo.
1976. Wednesday 8th December. The Royal Marines received the Freedom of Stanley on the Falkland islands.
1976. Friday 10th Dcemeber. 94Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Squad Photo.
1976. Tuesday 14th December. 225 Troop completed training at the Deal Depot. Squad Photo.
1976. December. Because of the Royal Marines unique
association with the Falkland Islands the Freedom was bestowed on the Corps.
1976. Royal Marine
detachments were aboard frigates during the Cod War off Iceland.
1976. Britain began trialling prototypes for the 1980s programme, which aims to create weapons to replace the L (12A) 1 and the Bren gun. SA80 rifles have since been standard issue.
1976.The Freedom scroll of Stanley in the Falkland
Islands, bestowed on the Corps.
1976. The QE2 Liner cruise to Israeli again necessitated the protection of the SBS. Members of the unit posed as tourists aboard the liner, their Browning 9mm pistols concealed under their t-shirts. Some SBS wives even joined their husbands on the trip, adding to the mission's cover. As before, the cruise was completed without incident.
1977. Friday 28th January. 221 Kings Squad passed for
duty at Lympstone.
1977. Friday 4th
February. 226Je. Troop completed training at the Deal Depot.
1977. Sunday 6th
February. Queen Elizabeth celebrated her Silver Jubilee by inspecting
41
Commando on Plymouth Hoe. (Although Salerno Company had left for Malta
at the
time).
1977. Friday 18th February. 227Je. Troop completed training at the Deal Depot. Squad Photo.
1977. April. 97 Kings Squad passed for duty from Lympstone. Ian Brown was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad Photo.
1977. Wednesday 16th
March. Admiral of the Fleet, the Earl Mountbatten of Burma, took
the
salute as 41 Commando RM trooped the Regimental Colour at St Andrew's
Barracks.
The ceremony marked the beginning of the withdrawal of British Forces
from
Malta.
1977. Monday 18th
April. The main body 41 Commando returned to England leaving Salerno
Company
Group, which relocated to RAF Luqa.
1977. April. 97 Kings
Squad pass for duty at Lympstone. Ian Brown was awarded the Kings
Badge.
1977. April. Because of long standing
connections going back over 300 years was recognised when the Freedom of Exeter
was bestowed on the Corps.
1977. May. 223 Kings
Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1977. Monday 17th June.
224 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Dan Richmond. Was
awarded the
Kings Badge.
1977. June. 41 Commando
RM which had returned to England for disbandment was reprieved. The
Government
decided to use it in the infantry role in Northern Ireland. This
reduced the
need to withdraw troops from BAOR to cover the province.
1977. June. 225 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. The Kings Badge was awarded to Marine Scott. Squad Photo.
1977. Saturday 12th
August. Royal Marine Neil Bewley aged 19 while serving in 45 Commando
was shot
whilst on foot patrol in Norglen Road, Turf Lodge, West Belfast.
1977. August. 227 Kings
Squad passed for duty at Lympstone Marine M.H. Weir was awarded the Kings Badge.
1977. Monday 12th September. RM Band of Flag Officer Naval Air Command moved from Lee-on-Solent to Yeovilton.
1977. Friday 30th September. Closure of the Depot Royal Marines, Phase 1 training for both adult and junior recruits aspiring to earn the green beret of the Commando Forces having been transferred to Lympstone. (RMHS)
1977. Friday 30th
September. 103 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Gordon
D'all
was awarded the Kings Badge.
1977. Saturday 1st October. The Royal Marines presence in the Deal Barracks
assumed the designation Royal Marines Deal and comprised: 41
Commando Royal Marines (reprieved from disbandment and filling most of
the accommodation and other facilities vacated by the Depot).
Physical Training Wing (pending relocation to Lympstone; this happened in 1978).
Royal Marines School of Music (with the Principal Director of Music
Royal Marines assuming the additional appointment of Commandant of the
School). (RMHS)
1977. Saturday 1st
October. 229 Troop was the last to pass out at the Depot Deal. The next
day the
Depot became Royal Marines Deal, and home to 41 Commando Royal Marines,
and the
Royal Marines School of Music.
1977. Tuesday 11th October. 232 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Squad Photo.
1977. Monday 14th
November. Opperation Burberry (Fire Fighters Strike) commenced.
1977. December. 106 and 107 Kings Squads were combined, and passed for duty at Lympstone. Squad Photo - Squad Photo.
1977. 41 Commando (less Salerno Company) left for Malta.
1977. Another name for the SBS as it was changed to the Special Boat Squadron.
1977. RMRO issued to
reinforce the RM Instructions regarding the march Sarie Marais. "In
addition,
the quick march Sarie Marais may be used to commemorate the derivation
of the
name Commando, given in 1940 to the newly raised raiding units and the
service
of a number of South African Officers seconded to the Corps during the
Second
World War'.
1978. Thursday 9th
March. To commemorate 25 years as Captain General, HRH Prince Philip
instituted
the annual award of the Prince's Badge for the best Musician or Bugler
on
completion of training, under similar conditions to the King's Badge.
This
replaced the Commandant General's Certificate of Merit.
1978. Tuesday 30th May.
The Massed Bands Beat Retreat on Horse Guards Parade.
1978. June. 232Je.
Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Simon Bustany was awarded
the Kings
Badge.
1978. Thursday 6th
July. Integration of the Buglers Branch, as a separate Section, within
the
RMBS; Buglers to retain own rank structure and promotion rosters.
Transfer to
the General Duties branch in accordance with RMI 1747 will continue to
be
allowed for men at present serving in the Bugler Section. For men
enlisting
after 1st July 1979, such transfers will only be allowed within 3
months of
attaining the age of seventeen and a half or before completion of
initial
training, whichever is the later. Buglers who prove to be musically
unsuitable
can transfer at any age. WO and SNCOs will continue to be entitled to
become
candidates for selection for promotion to officer on the Royal Marines
SD list.
1978. Thursday 17th August. Cpl Robert Keith Miller age 22 from Cardiff Wales. While serving with 42 Commando was killed by a car bomb explosion on patrol in the Forkhill area of Northern Ireland.
1978. September. 229Je.
Troop commenced training at the Deal Depot.
1978. Saturday 4th November. 41 Commando Assumed London Duties (4th - 30th November). Musical support was provided by the Staff Band of the Royal Marine School of Music under the direction of Major J. Mason and led by WO2 Drum Major D. Buchanan. The Tower of London was included for the first time.
1978. Sunday 2th November. Marine Gary Wheddon aged 19 of 42 Cdo, was killed by a bomb while serving in Operation Banner in in Northern Ireland.
1978. The Deal Barracks. The Inauguration of the Prince’s Badge for the best all-round Musician or Bugler completing training each year. This commemorated HRH The Duke of Edinburgh’s first 25 years as Captain General Royal Marines. (RMHS)
1978. First 10 man RN
Frigate detachment formed.
1979. Friday 30th March.
Salerno Company marched from its Lines at RAF Luqa to board the Landing
Ship
Logistics (LSL) Sir Lancelot which was berthed alongside HMS St Angelo.
The
last of the Royal Marines left Malta, ending 180 years of the British
military
presence on the island.
1979. May. 124aJe. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1979. May. Although the
Corps had already received the Freedom of Chatham in 1949, on the creation of
the new Borough of Medway (which included Chatham), the Royal Marines were
admitted as Honorary Freemen.
1979. 42 Commando was deployed to Hong Kong for Internal Security duties.
1979. Friday 3rd
August. 126aJe. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1979. Monday 27th
August. Earl Mountbatten was assassinated by the IRA.
1979. Monday 1st
October. Wearing of Royal Marines Band Service shoulder titles
instituted.
Review of RMBS ceremonial dress due in May 1980.
1979.Friday 19th
October. 130Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1979. Friday 19th October. 224 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone, The Kings Badge was awarded to Marine M.C. Richardson. Squad Photo.
1979. With the increase in off-shore oil installations prompted the formation
of 'Commachio Company', 300 Royal Marines trained to respond to
terrorist incidents amongst North Sea oil fields. The SBS provided a
section, 1SBS, to Commachio Company, whilst another stayed at Poole to
cover all other MCT responsibilities.
1980. February. Massed
Band Concert at the Royal Albert Hall extended to two performances for
the
first time.
1980. February. 248 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine P.D. Bosswell was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad Photo.
1980. Monday 3rd March.
133Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1980. Friday 7th March.
250 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1980. Saturday 8th March. It is with sadness that we announce the passing of George Hill RMB 595 while living in Dundee, County of Angus, Scotland. On Tuesday 30th August 1904. George became a Musician with the Royal Marines Band until Thursday 16th September 1920. (from Mark Webster Grandson)
1980. Friday 21st March. 252 Kings Squad passed for Duty at
Lympstone.
1980. April. 135 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine C.P. Clayton was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad Photo.
1980. April. 255 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1980. April. 136Je.
Kings Squad passed for duty atLympstone. Marine D.O. Hendly was awarded the Kings Badge.
1980. May 258 Kings
Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine G.W. Kennedy was awarded the Kings Badge
1980. Friday 13th June.
259 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
Marine M.J.Truelove was awarded the Kings
Badge.
1980. July. 141Je.
Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. (Sparky) Sparks was awarded
the
Kings Badge.
1980. Friday 1st August. 143Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Squad Photo.
1980. Friday 19th
September. 144Je. Kings Squad paseds for duty at Lympstone. Harry Bartlett was awarded the Kings Badge.
1980.Friday 10th
October. 147Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1980. The Special Boat
Squadron relinquished the North Sea oil rig protection to
Comacchio
Company.
1980. Comacchio Company
formed (and later re-named Fleet Protection Group RM in 2000).
1980. Elements of 42
Commando deployed to Vanuatu in the New Hebrides.
1980.The 3rd Raiding Squadron was deployed to Hong Kong for duties against illegal immigrants.
1980. The SBS relinquished North Sea oil rig protection to Comacchio Company.
1980. Comacchio Company RM/Comacchio Group RM was formed in 1980 with 300 all
ranks, this company provided detachments for the defence of naval
installations, for Britain’s offshore assets in oil rigs and movement
of nuclear missiles. The Company took on many of 43RM’s traditions
including the red and old gold lanyard. It was renamed Comacchio Group
on 1st November 1983.
Three troops continued to carry out security duties in support of the RN and the RAF throughout the 1980s.
The Group by this date reporting directly to CG was reorganised
in 1992 into three companies for roulement on the west coast of
Scotland And in the early 1990s they were deployed annually for two
weeks of training in Cyprus. In 1993 a company from the Group visited
the USA for some USMC courses on fighting at close quarters and
anti-terrorist activities. They have continued to carry out security
duties in the 1990s, but one Troop went to Belize in 1990, in 1992.
Elements in exercise ‘Malayan Warrior’ during Jan-Feb 1993. In March
1998 elements were again in America with the USMC.
Miscellaneous. Memorable date: 2nd April battle of Comacchio (in 1945)
and was the memorable date of the disbanded 43 Commando RM.(RMHS)
1980's. Special Boat
Squadron was renamed the Special Boat Service.
1981. Feruary. 150Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Squad Photo.
1981. Wednesday 20th May The Disbandment of 41 Commando Royal Marines at Deal (with a march through Deal on Thursday14th May 1981 and final disbandment parade on Wednesday 20th May 1981); this left the Royal Marines School of Music as the sole occupant of the entire Barracks complex. (RMHS)
1981. May. 271 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1981. July. 155Je.
Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1981.August. 157Je.Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Saab Chowdry was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad Photo.
1981. 41 Commando is
disbanded at Deal.
1981.Thursday 16th October. 275 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Squad Photo.
1981. Saturday 17th
October. The Commandant General, Lieutenant General Sir Steuart Pringle
was
blown up outside his house by a terrorist car bomb.
1981. October - November. 161 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Squad Photo.
1981. Wednesday 10th
December. 276 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1981. The Massed Bands
Concert at the Royal Albert Hall renamed 'The Mountbatten Concerts'
following
his murder.
1981. HRH Crown Prince
Harald the King of Norway was appointed Honorary Colonel Royal Marines.
1982. Friday 29th
January. 163Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine Marine F. Smith was awarded the Kings badge.
1982. Friday 12th February. 164 Kings Squad passed for Duty at Lympstone.
1982. February. D Company was formed. (from Mark Allen PO41252X)
1982. February. The 'Royal Marines Commando' published by the Central office of information (reprinted in March 1983).
1982. Friday 19th March. The Argentinians land scrap metal salagers along
with an escort of troops, planting the Arginian flag on the Falkland
Islands. Argentina takes over the Falklands.
1982. Sunday 28th
March. The Argentine fleet sets sail under the guise of naval
manoeuvres.
1982. Monday 29th
March. British Submarines sent to Falklands, while HMS Fort Austin
sails from
Gibraltar to replenish HMS Endurance.
1982. March. 278Je.
Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1982. Wednesday 31st March. British decoders intercept radio message to the Argentinean submarine Sante Fe, which orders her to examine the beaches around Stanley for possible landing sites.
1982.Late March. Thousands of Argentine conscripts lacking basic training are drafted in a hurry and sent to the islands. Argentina accumulates more than 10,000 troops on the Falklands.
1982. After the
Argentinian invasion of the Falkland Islands, the Special Boat Service
deployed
to South Georgia. Their only losses during the Falklands War occurred
when the
SBS and SAS were operating behind the lines and two members of the SBS
were
shot by an SAS patrol, who had mistaken them for Argentinians.
1982. Friday 1st
April.1982. Naval Party 8901 (NP 8901) was the name given to the Royal
Marines
Detachment of about troop strength, that had been based on the Falkland
Islands
since 1966. Their strength was approximately 43 members in each
detachment and
serving on a one-year rotation. They were all volunteers from within
the Royal
Marines. The changeover date of each detachment was 1st April, which
meant that
at the time of the Argentine invasion, there were actually two NP 8901
detachments on the island. A fact that the Argentine intelligence
failed to
know. This gave the Governor Rex Hunt a total of 67 Royal Marines to
defend the
Falklands. The outgoing 81 detachment led by Major Gary Noot, and the
incoming
82 led by Major Mike Norman. Major Norman, being the senior of the two
Majors,
was placed in overall command and Major Noott was made military adviser
to the
Governor.
A small number of Royal Marines had been sent to the
island of South Georgia. The force was supposed to act as a trip-wire.
As such,
they were only lightly armed with small arms, machine guns and a few
mortars
and anti-tank weapons. They had nothing heavier. Their job was to
provide
resistance, and act at the discretion of the Governor Rex Hunt. With a
total of
67 Royal Marines to defend the Falklands while 12 of Major Noott’s
troop had
already sailed to South Georgia aboard HMS Endurance under the command
of Lt.
Keith Mills. They had been sent to keep an eye on some Argentineans at
Leith.
23 members of the Falklands Islands Volunteer Defence
Force also responded in time to help defend Stanley, including Jim
Airfield, an
ex-Royal Marine Corporal who had moved to the Falklands. He apparently
arrived
at the Marine barracks at Moody Brook and demanded to be given a weapon
saying,
"There's no such thing as an ex-Marine". Although the Argentinians
had overwhelming force they didn't use it to their advantage, in fact
their
intelligence was very poor. Believed there was only one party of Royal
Marines
on the island.
1982. Friday 2nd April.
The Argentine invasion of the Falklands having been delayed by 24 hours
due to
bad weather. The plan involved the capture of the Royal Marines base at
Moody
Brook. The Royal Marines Garrison under the Command of Major Mike
Norman number
68. There are also 11 sailors from HMS Endurance who were armed. About
25 men
from the Local Defense Force report for duty. The Argentine attack is
launched
after 6am. The first attacks are on Moody Brook and Government House. A
fire
fight brakes out. The outlying sections of Royal Marines fall back to
Government House. Firefights brake out over Stanley. The Royal Marines
surrender. Only 6 men make it back to Government House, where the
Governor Rex
Hunt was forced to surrender, at 9.25 he ordered the Marines to lay
down their
arms facing an overwhelmingly much larger force. About 25 Argentineans
were
dead, although there were no British casualties. Later the British
Marines were
flown to Montevideo along with the British Governor.
1982. Friday 2nd April.
3 Commando Brigade spear headed the recapture of the Falkland Islands.
Known as
'Operation Corporate' it was a ten week war between Argentina and the
United
Kingdom, disputing two British Overseas Territories in the South
Atlantic, the
Falkland Islands, and South Georgia. It started when Argentina invaded
and
occupied the Falkland. A British task force was immediately sent from
the UK to
recapture them, and given that an amphibious assault would be
necessary, the
Royal Marines were heavily involved. 3 Commando Brigade was brought to
full
combat strength that included 40, 42 and 45 Commandos.
1982. Saturday 3rd April. The United Nations Security Council passes Resolution 502 calling for the withdrawal of Argentine troops from the Falkland Islands and the immediate cessation of hostilities.
1982. Saturday 3rd
April. The first Royal Air Force transport aircraft was deployed to
Ascension
Island. While HMS Hermes and HMS Invincible are prepared to sail, as
the First
British surface ships begin to head south.
1982. Saturday 3rd
April. The Argentinean Invasion was condemned by United Nations
Security
council.
1982. Saturday 3rd April. Argentine troops seize the associated islands of South Georgia and the South Sandwich group (1,000 miles [1,600 km] east of the Falklands) following a short battle in which an Argentine helicopter is forced down and the Argentinean frigate Guerrico is damaged by a Carl Gustav anti tank rocket fired by the Marines in which 4 Argentine troops are killed. General Mario Menendez is proclaimed military governor of the islands. As President Galtieri has predicted, the move proves to be extremely popular. In Buenos Aires, where the unions had a week earlier demonstrated against the government, there are massive outbursts of solidarity in the streets.
1982. Saturday 3rd April. The 22 Royal Marines who took on Argentine Falklands invasion force By Aislinn Simpson.
The story of how 22 Royal Marines took on an entire Argentine invasion force at the start of the Falklands War has been told for the first time by one of the men involved.
Soldiers on air defence duty at Bluff Cove on the Falkland Islands, ready for Argentine air attack. from the Daily Telegraph. |
Urged by its commanders not to surrender to enemy troops advancing on the tiny Atlantic outpost of South Georgia, the small band managed to shoot down a helicopter gunship and disable a warship in an action described as a modern day "Rorke's Drift".
The Argentines never revealed how many the men they lost that day, but the two-hour battle gave the Junta its first bloody nose and Margaret Thatcher the evidence she needed to convince the House of Commons that the Falklands could be won back.
Former Section Commander George Thomsen, who was 24 at the time, arrived on the freezing island with 20 other marines under Lieutenant Keith Mills.
They had instructions to monitor a group of Argentine scrap metal workers who had provocatively hoisted their national flag on the British territory, located some 1,400 kilometres east of the Falklands.
Within a week, they heard the Governor of the Falklands, Rex Hunt, declare a state of emergency on the BBC World Service and shortly afterwards, on April 2, that the Falklands had been invaded.
Lt Mills sent a message to the HMS Endurance, the Royal Navy's Ice Patrol ship in the Falklands, asking for instructions. The response came back: "When asked to surrender you are not to do so."
They set about booby-trapping the shore and fashioning a bomb beneath the jetty that was packed with nuts, bolts and harpoon heads, posing in front of it for one last picture just 30 seconds before they heard the first Argentinian helicopter approaching.
Using just small arms fire, the men who were later nicknamed Mills' Marauders shot down the Puma gunship as it attempted to land.
As hundreds of Argentine troops swarmed onto the island, they decided to take out a warship.
Using a combination of bazookas and small arms fire, they targeted the Argentine Corvette ARA Guerrico which was too close to shore to use its own guns.
Holed beneath the water line, its Exocet launchers and front gun destroyed, the listing ship limped away from the island.
In his book, Too Few Too Far, S/C Thomsen described how he and his comrades never expected to live and so were not afraid to push their luck.
He said: "We were putting sniper fire through the Guerrico's bridge, so they didn't know where they were going. It was the first time in history anything like that had been done.
"At the same time, they were landing troops from two or three other ships and we were outnumbered 50-1, or 100-1 if you count everyone on their ships.
"It was like Rorke's Drift, except the enemy was well armed.
"At the end our escape route had been cut off and one of us had been hit in the arm. I was about to put some mortars down on the shore when I saw the boss walking towards the enemy. He just went up to them and said that we'd fight to the last and carry on killing them and it was the Argies who called it a day.
"They couldn't believe there were only 22 of us. We weren't expected to come back, it was a one-way ticket for me."
The marines were rounded up and taken as prisoners of war to Argentina but were returned home shortly afterwards where they were feted as national heroes.
S/C Thomsen, now 51, rose to the rank of sergeant and was later team leader of the Royal Marines freefall display team.
He is married with two children and lives on the south coast. Too Few Too Far is published by Amberely. (from the Daily Telegraph.)
1982. Sunday 4th April.
The British nuclear submarine HMS Conqueror sails from Faslane.
1982. Monday 5th April.
Aircraft carriers HMS Hermes and HMS Invincible sail from Portsmouth.
The Task
Force will eventually number 13 warships and 4 supply ships. Lord
Carrington,
the Foreign Secretary, resigns over the invasion and is replaced by
Francis
Pym.
1982. Friday 9th April.
The Canberra sails from Southampton with the 2400 men of 40, 42 and 45
Royal
Marine Commandos and 3rd Battalion Parachute Regiment.
1982.Sunday 11th
April. The British submarines arrive in the South Atlantic, HMS
Splendid and
HMS Spartan begin patrolling off the Falklands, while HMS Conqueror
heads for
South Georgia.
1982. Monday 12th
April. HMS Conqueror reaches South Georgia. Britain formally announces
the
introduction of a 200 mile Maritime Exclusion zone around the
Falklands. The
destroyers HMS Antrim and HMS Plymouth, with the tanker Tidespring
acting as a
troopship for M Company 42 Royal Marine Commando are designated Task
Force
319.9 under Captain B.C. Young and sail from Ascension.
1982. Friday 16th
April. The British aircraft carriers HMS Hermes and HMS Invincible
reach the
Ascension Island.
1982. Sunday 18th
April. The Task Force sails from Ascension. HMS Brilliant, HMS
Coventry, HMS
Glasgow, HMS Sheffield and HMS Arrow are designated Task Unit 317.8.2
and are
ordered to head south at top speed in case diplomatic measures cause
both sides
to halt all military manoeuvres.
1982. Tuesday 20th
April. An RAF Victor makes fourteen hour reconnaissance flight from
Ascension
to South Georgia.
1982. Wednesday 21st
April. Task Force 319.9 arrive off South Georgia and 'Operation
Paraquet'
begins. British helicopters from HMS Antrim and Tidespring land SAS men
on the
Fortuna glacier for a reconnaissance mission on Leith, whilst SBS men
land by
Gemini boat and begin observation of Grytviken. The SAS men are
subjected to
Antarctic weather conditions and request evacuation. In appalling
weather
conditions two Wessex helicopters crash amazingly with no casualties.
The men
are safely extracted.
1982. Friday 23rd
April. An SAS Boat troop is put ashore by Geminis on South Georgia and
begin
observing the Argentineans. An SBS party is extracted by helicopter
after
problems with the ice puncturing their boats. Report reaches the
British that
an Argentinean submarine is in the area and HMS Plymouth with two
tankers sail
east to avoid detection, leaving HMS Endurance as the only ship in the
area.
1982. Saturday 24th
April. The anti submarine Type 22 frigate HMS Brilliant arrives off
South
Georgia to reinforce the ships already present.
1982. Sunday 25th April. South Georgia is retaken by the Royal Marines. British helicopters locate the Argentinean submarine Sante Fe on the surface and attack. The submarine heads for Grytviken and beaches. As HMS Antrim and HMS Plymouth arrive on the scene a decision to strike immediately is taken and a force composing of SAS, SBS and Royal Marines are put ashore by helicopter whilst the Royal Navy ships open fire with their 4.5 inch guns to persuade the Argentineans to surrender. The commander of the Argentine forces on the island, Captain Largos, signs an unconditional surrender document on board the British HMS Antrim. The notorious Alfredo Astiz, who is at the time, a Lieutenant Commander in charge of a small party based in Stromness surrenders with his company and signs an unconditional surrender document on board the British HMS Plymouth without firing a single shot violating the military code's article 751.
1982. Sunday 25th
April. Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher refuses to answer questions
from the
press on the operation, saying: “Just rejoice at that news and
congratulate our
forces and the Marines.”
1982. Monday 26th
April. HMS Plymouth and HMS Endurance sail round to Leith to accept the
surrender. 190 Argentineans taken prisoner. While 2 Para on board the
Norland
leave Hull bound south heading for the Falklands.
1982. Tuesday 27th
April. Argentine warships sail from Puerto Belgrano.
1982. Friday 30th
April. The British Nuclear submarine HMS Conqueror detects long range
sonar
contacts and closes to investigate.
1982. Friday 30th April. 166 Kings Squad Passed for duty from Lympstone. C.L. Price was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad Photo.
1982. Friday 30th
April. The Task Force arrives in the 200 mile exclusion zone
surrounding
Falklands.
1982. Saturday 1st May. The Main British Task Force enters Maritime Exclusion Zone. An RAF Vulcan Bomber bombs Stanley airfield. HMS Hermes launches the first Sea Harriers, 9 to bomb Stanley airfield, and 3 to bomb Goose Green airstrip. Three British ships HMS Glamorgan, HMS Alacrity and HMS Arrow begin a naval bombardment of Argentine positions around Stanley. Sea Harriers destroy a Mirage, a Dagger and a Canberra. A further Mirage is accidently shot down by Argentinean gunners. No Sea Harriers are lost. HMS Conqueror starts to shadow the Argentine Cruiser General Belgrano.
1982. Saturday 2nd May.
The British nuclear submarine HMS Conqueror receives orders to sink the
General
Belgrano. Launching three torpedoes, the General Belgrano is hit twice
and
sinks. 320 crewmen die (the single biggest loss of life in the war).
British
helicopters sink another Argentine patrol vessel Comodoro Somollera.
1982. Saturday 2nd May.
Margaret Thatcher faces criticism over the sinking of the General
Belgrano
because the vessel was outside the 200 mile exclusion zone around the
Falklands.
1982. Tuesday 4th May. An Argentine Super Etendard aircraft launch two Exocet air to surface missiles at the British Task Force. The British destroyer HMS Sheffield was destroyed, with 20 men killed, and 24 injured. In a Harrier bombing raid on Goose Green airstrip, one British Harrier plane is shot down by anti-aircraft guns.
1982. Tuesday 4th May.
The Sun British newspaper published its infamous ‘Gotcha’ front page
headline
about the sinking of the General Belgrano.
1982. Thursday 6th May.
Two Sea Harriers are lost in bad weather.
1982. Sunday 9th May.
HMS Alacrity shells positions around Stanley. Two Sea Harriers attack
the
Argentine trawler Narwal. The vessel is then boarded by SBS men, and
the crew
surrender. HMS Coventry and HMS Broadsword are deployed as a missile
trap off
Stanley and successfully destroy two Skyhawks and a Puma helicopter.
1982. Monday 10th May.
HMS Alacrity sinks the Argentine supply ship Isla de los Estados.
1982. Wednesday 12th May. 5th Brigade consisting of 2nd Battalion Scots Guards, 1st Battalion Welsh guards and 1/7th Duke of Edinburgh's Ghurka Rifles sail from Southampton on board the Queen Elizabeth ll. HMS Glasgow and HMS Brilliant are deployed as the missile trap off Stanley. Three Argentine Skyhawks are shot down by Sea Wolf missiles. HMS Glasgow is hit by a bomb which passes straight through the ship without exploding. A Skyhawk is mistakenly shot down by Argentinean gunners. Formal orders given for landing site to be San Carlos. An SAS team is inserted by canoe onto Pebble Island. The men evacuate the next night by canoe and a raid on the airstrip is prepared.
1982. Wednesday 12th May. RM 3 Commando Brigade Air Sqn. Two
Gazelles of C Flight were shot down by Argentine Army small arms fire
near Port
San Carlos and crashed killing the pilots.
Gazelle number one was, EVANS. Andrew P. Sergeant RM
PO25446U.
Gazelle number two was, FRANCI. Kenneth D. Lieutenant
RM N023442U and GIFFIN. Brett P. Lance Corporal RM P033537T.
1982. Friday 14th May.
45 SAS men launch a raid on Argentine grass airstrip at Pebble Island,
destroying 11 Argentine aircraft. The SAS men are then evacuated by
navy
helicopters.
1982. Friday 14th May.
14 Argentine airplanes are destroyed in air / sea battle.
1982. Sunday 16th May.
Sea Harriers attack two Argentinean supply ships in the Falkland Sound.
The
‘Bahia Buen Suceso’ is forced to beach. The Río Carcarañá is sunk.
1982. Tuesday 18th May.
A Sea King Helicopter crashes whilst transferring SAS men to HMS
Intrepid, 21
men are lost. Ships intended for the landing form a convoy and sail for
San
Carlos.
1982. Tuesday 18th May.
A peace proposal suggested by the United Nations is rejected by Britain.
1982. Wednesday 19th
May. 22 British servicemen killed when a helicopter transporting SAS
soldiers
ditches in the sea.
1982. Thursday 20th
May. A Sea King helicopter from the Task Force crashes in Chile and is
then
exploded by the crew. The helicopter had infiltrated a SAS team into
mainland
Argentina to attack Rio Grande airbase and destroy the Super Entenards
that
were causing losses to the Task Force. 2000 Argentinean Marines start
to comb
the area hunting for the SAS team. Back in Hereford (UK) the SAS
commander
decides to abort the mission and the SAS team crosses into Chile
possibly
suffering some casualties.
1982. Friday 21st May.
British landings begin at San Carlos. The Frigate HMS Ardent sunk by
Argentine
aircraft, killing 22 sailors. Fifteen Argentine aircraft shot down.
1982. Friday 21st May. 3 Commando Brigade Headquarters and Signal Squadron Royal Marines Landed in San Carlos Water. A Royal Marines Divisional Headquarters was deployed, under Major General Jeremy Moore RM, who was commander of the British land forces during the war. The landing force consisting of 40, 42 and 45 Commandos RM, reinforced by 2nd and 3rd Battalions the Parachute Regiment, embarked in HMS Fearless and HMS Intrepid, Landing Ships Logistic and in many ships taken up from trade and sailed 8,000 miles south via Ascension Island. The latter stages of the voyage were conducted in poor weather conditions and under threat of Argentine surface, subsurface and air attack. Sound planning in conjunction with the Naval Task Force Commanders, culminated in a successful unopposed Brigade night landing in the San Carlos region of East Falkland before dawn on 21st May. For the next seven days the landing force was under constant attack as the Argentine Air Force attempted to dislodge it from the beachhead. The choice of this remote, sheltered landing force to withstand the air assault and played a major part in ensuring the successful recapture of the Falkland Islands during the ensuing weeks. the Royal Marine landing craft squadrons from HMS Fearless and HMS Intrepid, together with the 1st Raiding Squadron RM, landed 3 Commando Brigade on to 5 separate beaches without loss. After these initial landings the Squadrons continued to off load the logistic shipping in deteriorating weather and under constant air attack. Later all raiding and landing craft were formed into the Task Force Landing Craft Squadron, which subsequently operated on both flanks supporting 3 Commando Brigade and 5 Infantry Brigade in dangerous and testing conditions. The new Squadron also assisted the Commodore Amphibious Warfare in minesweeping duties and Special Forces raiding and insertion tasks. Without this invaluable contribution, before, during and after the main landings, the Falkland Islands Task Force could not have achieved its objective in such a timely manner.
1982. Friday 21st May. SBS men land by helicopter and secure Fanning Head overlooking San Carlos. While the SAS men launch a diversionary attack on Goose Green. HMS Glamorgan shells positions north of Stanley. 2 Para lands at 4:40 am to secure the hills surrounding the anchorage. 40 Commando landed seven minutes later. 45 Commando and 3 Para are landed. By dawn 105mm guns and Rapier air defence systems are flown ashore by helicopter. Scimitars and Scorpions from the Blues and Royals are deployed also. Two British Gazelle helicopters are hit and destroyed and another damaged. SAS troops near Stanley report an Argentinean helicopter dispersal area and RAF GR3 Harriers from HMS Hermes attack the site after first light destroying a Chinook and two Puma helicopters. An RAF GR3 Harrier is shot down near Port Howard. The SAS men destroy a Pucara with a Stinger missile. Argentine air force launch attacks on the San Carlos anchorage. HMS Ardent is hit and sinks. HMS Brilliant and HMS Broadsword are slightly damaged. Argentineans lose approximately 13 aircraft.
1982. 539 ASRM Operations was formed during the 1982 Falklands conflict
during which it landed SAS and SBS reconnaissance parties onto the
islands, in addition to bringing other forces ashore.
More recent
operations include Operation Telic. 539 ASRM supported 3 Cdo Bde as
they took the Al Faw Penninsula, carrying out numerous operations such
as several landings and the clearing of various waterways. 539 ASRM
have continued to operate in Iraq, performing security patrols of
Iraq's southern ports and water networks. Read more on 3 Commando
Brigade operations in Operation Telic.
1982. Saturday 22nd
May. The Commando Logistic Regiment Royal Marines landing at Ajax Bay.
The
Falklands campaign was fought some 8,000 miles
from 3 Commando Brigade's base in Plymouth. This stretched the logistic
support
to its utmost. The Commando Logistic Regiment RM (Lieutenant Colonel
I.J.
Hellberg RCT) was faced with the problem of supporting an enlarged
Brigade
spread over more than 30 warships, auxiliaries and merchant ships. The
skill,
dedication and exceptional devotion of the ordnance, transport, repair
and
medical elements of the Regiment in adverse weather conditions and
often under
heavy enemy air attack played a major part in the success of the
landing in San
Carols Water. During the following three weeks of the campaign, from
the beach
support area at Ajax Bay where it landed on 22nd May, the Regiment
supported a
Divisional Headquarters and two brigades, treated 695 casualties,
processed
2,000 prisoners of war and dealt with over 8,000 tons of stores,
ammunition and
equipment. The logistic support provided by the Commando Logistic
Regiment RM
was a battle-winning factor.
1982. Sunday 23rd May.
The British Frigate HMS Antelope is hit by an unexploded bomb, and 10
more
Argentinean airplanes are destroyed.
1982. Monday 24th May. HMS Antelope abandoned after bomb detonates while being defused by disposal officer.
1982. Monday 24th May.
Sir Lancelot and Sir Galahad are hit but the bombs fail to
explode.
1982. Tuesday 25th May. There was more bad news when the RN suffered the loss of HMS Coventry. The supply ship Atlantic Conveyor was also attacked and sunk. She had been carrying four large Chinook helicopters (and the six Wessex helicopters) needed to move troops forward from the beachhead. These assets would be sorely missed in the days to come. Closer to home it was one of the busiest days of air raids that we witnessed. Three waves of aircraft took part in the attack; first came four A4 Skyhawks followed in a second wave four Mirages; in the final wave came another four Skyhawks. The last of the aircraft to depart swooped low over our positions dropping bombs some 500 metres from us they were probably after the Sea King helicopters that had established a nearby operating base. Then with a final flurry one of the enemy planes focused on us and let rip with its cannon. The ground adjacent to 3 Troop erupted as the bullets hit the soft peat surface. It had been very close but thankfully there were no casualties. (Face Book. 40 COMMANDO ASSOCIATION ROYAL MARINES Colin Bidwell.)
1982. Thursday 27th
May. The Battle for Goose Green / Darwin began.
1982. Thursday 27th
May. 40 Commando Royal Marines while under Argentine bombing attack on
San
Carlos Water lost was:
MCANDREWS Stephen G. Marine, RM P035645L.
45
Commando at Ajax Bay lost was:
ENEFER Roger Sergeant RM P024439G.
EVANS Kenneth Corporal RM P020436E.
MACKAY Peter B. Marine RM P039338Q.
WILSON David Marine RM P037820V.
(A fifth Marine? died of wounds on 10th June).
Commando Logistic Regiment at Ajax Bay lost was:
DAVISON Colin Marine RM P037269B.
1982. Thursday
27th May. 45 Commando Royal Marines were the
target of an Argentine bombing attack lost was:
CALLAN Paul D. Marine RM P041627B.
1982. Friday 28th May. Lt Richard J Nunn DFC, RM N023329F was awarded a posthumous DFC. Flying his scout helicopter in support of 2 Para’s Action at Goose Green, enemy aircraft were known to be in the area, and despite the risk he and his crewman flew for most of the day. When a call came in to evacuate casualties from the battle area he did not hesitate to go in. Sadly he was jumped by a powerful Argentine Pucara ground attack aircraft and shot down and killed, his wounded crewman survived. For his Bravery he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross Posthumously. Sergeant Belcher was grievously wounded.
1982. Friday 28th May
28. Argentine forces at Goose Green surrendered to 2 Para. Seventeen
soldiers
from 2 Para killed in two days of fierce fighting, which ended in
Argentine
surrender with dozens killed and more than 1,000 taken as prisoners of
war.
1982. Sunday 30th May.
45 Commando secures the Douglas settlement, while Mount Kent is
captured by 42
Commando and SAS.
1982. Monday 31st May.
Mount Kent is taken by British troops. The Falklands' capital of Port
Stanley
is surrounded.
1982. Tuesday 1st June.
Britain declares its terms to end the struggle.
1982. Monday 4th June.
Three companies of 45 Commando advanced on Bluff Cove Peak.
1982. Monday 4th June.
3 Commando Brigade including the Band of Commando Forces, with their
musical
instruments. This band embarked upon the SS Canberra as stretcher
bearers but
performed a number of duties and roles throughout the Campaign. The RM
Band of
Flag Officer 3rd Flotilla (FOF3) boarded the educational cruise liner
SS Uganda
which was converted to a hospital ship.
1982. Tuesday 8th June.
The Massed Bands Beat Retreat on Horse Guards Parade.
1982. Tuesday 8th June.
More than 50 British soldiers killed in attacks on landing craft RFA
Sir
Galahad and RFA Sir Tristram off Fitzroy.
1982. Tuesday 8th June, LCU F4 was attacked by enemy aircraft in Choiseul
Sound. During this action Colour Sergeant Johnston and five of his crew
were killed. Colour Sergeant Johnston's selfless bravery in the face of
extreme danger was in the highest traditions of the Corps.
With the British Army’s 5 Brigade separated from their vital
communications vehicles back at Goose Green. With the British Army’s 5
Brigade separated from their vital communications vehicles back at
Goose Green, F4 under the command of C/Sgt Brian Johnston was
dispatched poorly. With the British Army’s 5 Brigade separated from
their vital communications vehicles back at Goose Green, F4 under the
command of C/Sgt Brian Johnston was been dispatched in poorly charted
waters and under significant threat of air attack. In a remarkable feat
of pilotage, in darkness and without modern navigational aids, Brian
Johnston reached Goose Green in good order and loaded the vehicles.
In a remarkable feat of pilotage, in darkness and without modern
navigational aids, Brian Johnston reached Goose Green in good order and
loaded the vehicles under significant threat of air attack.
At approximately 14:00 local time on Wednesday 8th June the ships RFA
Sir Tristram and RFA Sir Galahad were badly damaged by a first wave of
five A-4Bs Skyhawk aircraft.
At 16:50 a second wave, composed of four A-4Bs Skyhawks hit and sank F4
a Landing Craft Utility from HMS Fearless in Choiseul Sound.
The LCU was ferrying the vehicles of the 5th Brigade's headquarters
from Darwin to Bluff Cove. Six Royal Marines went down with the vessel.
However, the Sea Harrier combat air patrol was already on scene and
responded; three Skyhawks were shot down and their pilots and a fourth
damaged.
All but two of LCU F4’s crew were killed during this action;1982. Friday 11th June.
Co-ordinated attacks on Mount Longdon, Two Sisters and Mount Harriet by
British
troops.
1982. Friday 11th –
12th June. British destroyer HMS Glamorgan badly damaged in missile
attack.
British forces take Mount Longdon, Two Sisters and Mount Harriet. Three
Falkland civilians killed in British naval bombardment.
1982. Friday 11th –
12th June. The British take Mount Longdon, Two Sisters, Mount Harriet,
and
Mount Tumbledown.
1982. Friday 11th -
12th June. 45 Commando's Attack on Two Sisters. 45 Commando RM
(Lieutenant
Colonel A.F. Whitehead) landed at Ajax Bay on the Brigade's right
flank. After
securing the western side of the beach head, and while ships were being
unloaded under Argentine air attack, 45 Commando marched across more
than 80
kilometres of rugged terrain in freezing weather and driving rain via
Douglas
Settlement and Teal Inlet to be in a position on Mount Kent for 3
Commando
Brigade's main attack. The Commando's objective was the twin peaks of
Two
Sisters, the centre of the Brigade's three objectives. Bold
reconnaissance
between 4th and 9th June had pinpointed enemy positions and fighting
patrols,
while artillery harassing fire had caused some early casualties to the
enemy. A
silent approach and a two pronged attack during the night of 11th /
12th June
against well equipped and dug-in opposition up the jagged, craggy rock
formations culminated in fierce hand-to-hand fighting for the final
enemy
company positions. About 50 prisoners were captured and 20 enemy either
killed
or wounded; the remainder had retreated to the east. Thirty-six hours
later the
Commando advanced swiftly to Sapper Hill, again on foot, and thence
into Port
Stanley.
The Royal Marines and members of the Parachute Regiment yomped (and tabbed) with their equipment across the island heading for the capital Stanley, covering 56 miles (90 km) in three days while carrying 80 pound (36 kg) loads on their back. During the worse time of the year weather wise. Until then not many civilians had heard the word Yomp, however it's now part of many people's vocabulary.
"45
Commando RM, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Andrew F.
Whitehead RM, had their Easter leave cancelled and hastily deployed to
the Falklands, travelling in a mix of Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Fleet
Auxiliary (RFA) ships. Having made a tactical landing at Red Beach,
Ajax Bay on 21 May 1982, the men of 45 Cdo RM yomped across East
Falkland, via Port San Carlos, New House, Douglas Settlement, Teal
Inlet and Mount Kent to take part in the Battle for Port Stanley. They
conducted a night attack on the Two Sisters feature over the 11th /
12th June 1982, during which the Commando lost 8 men killed and 17
wounded. The Argentinians surrendered on Monday 14th June 1982.
Lieutenant Colonel Whitehead was awarded the Distinguished Service
Order (DSO). The Unit Order of Battle (ORBAT) at the time of the
Falklands War was three fighting companies, named X, Y and Z or X-Ray,
Yankee and Zulu. Each company, led by a Company Commander, consisted of
approx 100 ranks, divided into three 'troops' each led by a Troop
Commander. In addition, Support Company (Spt Coy) consisting of
Anti-Tank, Mortars, Assault Engineers and Recce Troop. Headquarters
Company (HQ Coy) consisting of the Signals Troop, Drivers and
Admin/Base Staff were additional support. The Senior Non-Commissioned
Officer (SNCO) of the unit was the Regimental Sergeant Major (RSM),
Warrant Officer Class 1 (WO1) Pat Chapman RM."
1982. Sunday 13th -
14th June. Attacks made on Mount Tumbledown and Wireless Ridge,
capturing
Argentine positions on mountains overlooking Port Stanley.
1982. Monday 14th June.
The large Argentine garrison in Port Stanley is defeated and
surrenders,
effectively ending the conflict. The Argentine commander Mario
Menendez, agrees
to "a non-negotiated cease fire with no other condition than the
deletion
of the word unconditional" from the surrender document which he signs.
9800 Argentine troops lay down their weapons.
1982. Monday 14th June.
The Recapture of the Falklands. The Corps was involved in virtually
every
significant aspect of the South Atlantic campaign, starting on Friday
2nd April
when a Naval party 8901 opposed the Argentine assault on the Islands. A
company
group from 42 Commando RM recaptured South Georgia on 25th April. From
1st May,
SB Squadron carried out intelligence-gathering patrols which were
critical to
the success of the main amphibious landing in San Carlos Water on 21st
May. The
main landing was planned and executed by 3 Commando Brigade RM
(Brigadier J H A
Thompson OBE) which had been reinforced by two parachute battalions and
other
Army subunits. RM detachments served in many ships of the Task Force
and manned
all landing craft. On 30th May, Major General J.J. Moore OBE MC arrived
in San
Carlos with his headquarters, based upon HQ Commando Forces RM, and
assumed
command of all land forces which by then included 5 Infantry Brigade, 3
Commando Brigade RM, however, bore the brunt of the fighting throughout
the
campaign, commanding most of the battles which led to the surrender of
the
Argentine forces on 14th June. The professionalism and resilience of
the
Marines who took part were major factors in the success of this unique
amphibious operation conducted at a range of nearly 8000 miles from the
UK mounting
base. A total of 3520 Royal Marines, approximately 50 percent of the
Corps,
took part in the campaign. Sadly, there were 27 Marines killed during
the
conflict that included 2 Officers, 14 NCOs, 11 Marines, and 67 were
wounded.
The following honours and awards were subsequently conferred upon Royal
Marines: 1KCB, 1 CB, 2 DSOs, 6 OBEs, 3 MBEs, 2 DSCs, 5 MCs, 2 DFCs, 10
MMs, 1
DCM, 3 DSMs, 1 DFM and 1 QGM.
The
Argentinian force originally occupying Mount
Challenger, commanded by Major Ricardo Cordón, consisted of the 4th
Infantry
Regiment, with the bulk of the defenders drawn from C Company with the
1st
Platoon (Sub-Lieutenant Miguel Mosquera) and 2nd Platoon
(Sub-Lieutenant Jorge
Pérez Grandi) on the northern peak of Two Sisters and the 3rd Platoon
(Sub-Lieutenant
Marcelo Llambias Pravaz) on the southern peak and the 1st Platoon A
Company
(Sub-Lieutenant Juan Nazer) and Support Platoon (Second Lieutenant Luis
Carlos
Martella) on the saddle between the two. Major Óscar Jaimet's B Company
of the
6th Regiment (RI 6), acting as the local reserve, occupied the saddle
between
Two Sisters and Mount Longdon.
During the Battle of the Falkland the Royal Marines
lost 27 members (2 Officers, 14 NCOs and 11 Marines).
1982. Tuesday 8th June.
LCU F4 Assault Ship Fearless, sunk by Argentine
bombing in Choiseul Sound, lost was:
GRIFFIN Robert D. Marine, RM, P035633L.
JOHNSTON Brian J. Colour Sergeant RM P023116X was
awarded a posthumous QGM.
ROTHERHAM Ronald J. Sergeant RM P027686Q.
RUNDLE Anthony J. Marine RM P029758D.
1982. Friday,
11th June 1982.
42
Commando Royal Marines at the Battle for Mount
Harriet, in action with the Argentine Army, lost was:
SMITH Jeremy, Corporal RM P036299.J.
WATTS Laurence G. Corporal P032593N.
45
Commando Royal Marines at the Battle for Two
Sisters, in action with the Argentine Army.
Three men, including Sgt Leeming on a reconnaissance
patrol, were killed by friendly fire just before the main assault on
Two
Sisters, another Royal Marine was killed by mortar fire early in the
attack,
believed to be:
FITTON Peter R, Corporal RM P033189P.
LEEMING Robert A. Sergeant RM P025875E).
PHILLIPS Keith Marine P039185R.
UREN Andrew B. Corporal RM P035194P.
1982. Saturday 12th
June. 3 Royal Marines from 45 Commando were killed by artillery or
mortar fire,
believed to be:
MACPHERSON Gordon C. Marine P041923R.
NOWA, Michael J. Marine P03609F.
SPENCER Ian F. Corporal RM P032324V.
2 Names missing, one of them was possibly in a hospital on the 10th June?
1982. Thursday 17th
June. The Argentine President Leopoldo Galtieri resigns as leader of
the
country's military junta.
1982. Sunday 20th June.
The British re-occupy the South Sandwich Islands. Britain formally
declares an
end to hostilities, and the two hundred mile exclusion zone established
around
the islands during the war is replaced by a Falkland Islands Protection
Zone
(FIPZ) of 150 miles.
From start to finish, this undeclared Falkland Islands
war lasted 72 days, claimed nearly 1000 casualties (236 British and 655
Argentine), many of them conscripts that were drafted by the Argentine
junta.
The war had a cost of at least 2 billion dollars. From a political
point of
view, the war helped the re-election of Margaret Thatcher (who was
losing
popularity before the conflict started) and accelerated the demise of
the
Argentine dictatorship. Argentine President Leopoldo Galtieri who led
the war
effort, was quick to resign afterwards, paving the road to the
restoration of
democracy in Argentina.
1982. Sunday 11th July.
Royal Marines Cpl James Gardner died just after the Falkland
hostilities ended.
1982. Tuesday 13th
July. The Argentine government agrees to end hostilities with Great
Britain.
1982. Friday 8th October. Supplement to the London Gazette:
St. James's Palace, London S.W.I 1982. Friday 11th October.
The QUEEN has been graciously pleased to approve the Posthumous award
of the Queen's Gallantry Medal to the undermentioned in recognition of
gallantry during the operations in the South Atlantic.
Queen's Gallantry Medal.
Acting Colour Sergeant Brian JOHNSTON, Royal Marines, PO23116X.
Medals:
a) Queen´s Gallantry Medal (A C Sergt. Brian Johnston, R.M. PO23116X.)
b) General Service 1962-2007, two clasps, South Arabia, Northern Ireland (RM-23116 B.R. Johnston. Mne. R.M.)
c) South Atlantic 1982, with rosette (ACSGT B R Johnston PO23116X RM)
d) Naval Long Service & G.C., E.II.R. (Sgt. B R Johnston PO23116X RM)
Colour Sergeant Johnston, coxswain of LCU F4, was working in the
vicinity of HMS Antelope when her unexploded bomb detonated, starting
an immediate fire which caused her crew, already at emergency stations,
to be ordered to abandon ship. Without hesitation Colour Sergeant
Johnston laid his craft alongside the HMS Antelope and began to fight
the fire and take off survivors. At approximately 2200Z he was ordered
to stay clear of the ship because of the severity of the fire and the
presence of a second unexploded bomb.
1982. Friday 8th October. Acting Sergeant William Christopher O’Brien was awarded the Distinguished Flying Medal. This was the only occasion that a Royal Marine has ever been awarded the DFM.
1982. Friday 8th
October. The Queen has been graciously pleased to approve the
appointments of
the undermentioned as Companions of the Distinguished Service Order in
recognition of gallant and distinguished service during operations in
the South
Atlantic.
The Distinguished Service Order:
Lieutenant Colonel Nicholas Francis VAUX Royal
Marines. Lieutenant Colonel Vaux commanded 42 Commando Royal Marines.
His first
major task after the amphibious landing was to move his Commando
forward by
helicopter at night to the Mount Kent feature which had been secured by
the
SAS. Once established he swiftly moved men on to Mount Challenger, a
key
position overlooking Mount Harriet. For the subsequent eleven days 42
Commando
under Lieutenant Colonel Vaux's leadership patrolled vigorously to gain
information. During this period the Commando endured appalling weather
conditions and harassing fire from enemy 155mm, 105mm guns and 120mm
mortars.
Their morale was never in doubt thanks to the splendid leadership
displayed by
Lieutenant Colonel Vaux. The subsequent Commando attack on Mount
Harriet was
planned in great detail and executed with considerable skill to take
the enemy
in the rear. This attack from an unexpected direction most certainly
led to the
fall of the strongly held position in very rugged terrain with fewer
casualties
to 42 Commando than had been expected. The excellent plan, executed
with verve
and dash by 42 Commando, was the work of the Commanding Officer,
Lieutenant
Colonel Vau.
Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Francis WHITEHEAD Royal
Marines. Lieutenant Colonel Whitehead commanded 45 Commando Royal
Marines. From
the start of Operation SUTTON, he showed himself to be a fine
Commanding
Officer. His meticulous planning and high standard of leadership was
demonstrated on the long approach march from Port San Carlos to the
Mount Kent
positions overlooking Port Stanley. His Commando marched every foot of
the way.
Despite the extremely unpleasant weather conditions both on the
approach march
and during the time spent in defensive positions on Mount Kent his
Commando's
morale and fitness to fight was of the highest order. Their aggressive
and
effective patrolling contributed to a marked degree to the success of
the
ensuing Brigades night attack. During the night battle for the Two
Sisters
feature, which was his Commando's objective, his cool conduct of the
battle
resulted in the complete success of his part in the operation. Although
while
in the Forming Up Point his Commando was caught by enemy defensive fire
tasks
from 105 and I55mm guns, he calmly gave the correct orders to get the
attack
underway. Undeterred by heavy machine gun fire which caught two of his
companies during the final assault up the steep slopes of the mountain,
he
fought his Commando through and on to their objective. His calm voice
on the
radio was a tonic to all who heard it. During the following 48 hours
after
securing their objective the Commando was subjected to harassing fire
from 105
and 155mm guns. Their steadiness under the fire is a tribute to the
leadership
and calmness of their Commanding Officer.
Lieutenant Richard HUTCHINGS Royal Marines. Lieutenant
Hutchings 846 Naval Air Squadron made an important contribution to the
planning
and conduct of operations by the use of his skills as a Combat Survival
Instructor. He completed eight operational missions with dogged
determination
and courage, demonstrating great resilience under trying circumstances.
The
personal courage over a prolonged period shown by Lieutenant Hutchings
was of
the highest order.
Military
Cross:
Major Charles Peter CAMERON Royal Marines. Major
Cameron was the Commanding Officer of 3 Commando Brigade Air Squadron.
From the
first day of operations his Squadron of Gazelle and Scout helicopters
rendered
outstanding service in support of the Brigade, often flying in
appalling weather
conditions by day and night, having to evade Argentine fighters and
anti-aircraft fire. During these operations three helicopters were shot
down
with the loss of four lives. Nonetheless, the Squadron continued to
provide
extremely valuable support to the ground forces, ferrying urgently
needed
ammunition and evacuating wounded during the battle for Darwin and
Goose Green
amongst other actions. Throughout this most demanding period, Major
Cameron led
his Squadron with humour and compassion both on the ground and in the
air. His
fine example of courage and determination, in the face of severe
losses, was an
inspiration to all and his leadership ensured that no call for help
went
unanswered.
Captain Peter Murray BABBINGTON Royal Marines. On the
night of 11th/12th June 1982, on the Island of East Falkland, 42
Command Royal
Marines began a silent night attack against strongly held enemy
positions on
the Mount Harriet feature, five kilometres to the west of Port Stanley.
Initially, in getting onto and amongst the rocky crags of Mount
Harriet,
undetected by the enemy, they achieved brilliant surprise. The enemy,
caught
off balance, reacted fiercely. Captain Babbington was commanding the
leading
Company as the fighting erupted. In the midst of a ferocious fire
fight,
Captain Babbington calmly directed his men and used his tactical and
support
weapons to maximum devastating effect. His personal courage and cool
professionalism were an inspiring example and a crucial factor in
defeating the
enemy’ Lieutenant Clive Idris DYTOR Royal Marines. On the night of
11th/12th
June 1982, on the Island of East Falkland, 45 Commando Royal Marines,
launched
a silent night attack against strongly held enemy positions on the
craggy hill
feature of Two Sisters, ten kilometres to the West of Port Stanley.
Initially,
in getting onto Two Sisters undetected, they achieved brilliant
surprise. When
discovered by the enemy a fierce fight ensued. At the height of the
fighting
Lieutenant Dytor and his Troop came under a hail of enemy fire. In an
act of
inspiring leadership, he fought his Troop forward and personally led
the
assault on a strong enemy machine gun position. His was the culminating
feat of
a highly successful action.
Lieutenant Christopher Fox Royal Marines. During the
night 5th/6th June 1982, on the Island of East Falkland, Lieutenant Fox
led a
reconnaissance patrol close to enemy positions on the Two Sisters
feature ten
kilometers to the West of Port Stanley. Lieutenant Fox established a
covert
post from which he was able to control accurate fire against the enemy
even
though attacked by greatly superior forces. Although wounded, he
finally
withdrew his patrol, intact, to his unit lines. The intelligence gained
by
Lieutenant Fox was vital to the planning of the subsequently successful
attack
by 45 Commando Royal Marines on the Two Sisters feature.
Lieutenant David James STEWART Royal Marines. Early in
the morning of the 9th June Lieutenant Stewart, 45 Commando led a troop
strength fighting patrol to the Two Sisters feature in East Falklands
with a
mission to harass the enemy and cause him casualties. In bright
moonlight and
across 1000 metres of open ground Lieutenant Stewart led his patrol
undetected
into the enemy position. Two enemy sentries were killed and for the
next 30
minutes a fierce fire fight ensued. The enemy on the high ground and in
position of their choosing were engaged with troop weapons and
artillery with
great skill, vigour and courage. The returning fire came from several
different
positions including 3 machine gun posts and artillery. During the
withdrawal,
Lieutenant Stewart himself gave covering fire to assist his men move
across the
open ground. There is no doubt that the success of this patrol which
killed 7
enemy and sustained no casualties was largely due to the meticulous
planning,
the exhaustive rehearsals and the outstanding leadership and courage
shown by
Lieutenant Stewart. The effect on the enemy was shattering and possibly
saved
many lives of men in his company which attacked the position two days
later.
The QUEEN has been graciously pleased to approve the
Posthumous award of the Distinguished Flying Cross to the
undermentioned in
recognition of gallant and distinguished service during the operations
in the
South Atlantic:
Distinguished
Flying Cross:
Lieutenant Richard James NUNN Royal Marines. On Friday
28th May 1982 the 2nd Battalion the Parachute Regiment was engaged in
fierce
fighting to take enemy positions in the area of Port Darwin. From dawn,
Lieutenant Nunn, a Scout helicopter pilot, had supported the Battalion
flying
vital ammunition forward to the front line and had evacuated casualties
heedless of enemy ground fire. After flying continuously for three and
a half
hours, it was learnt that the Commanding Officer and others in
Battalion
Tactical Headquarters forward had been severely wounded. Lieutenant
Nunn was
tasked to evacuate these casualties collecting the Battalion Second in
Command
en route. However, five minutes after taking off, suddenly and without
prior
warning, two Pucara aircraft appeared from the South and attacked the
Scout
with rockets and cannon fire. By great flying skill Lieutenant Nunn
evaded the
first attack but on the second his aircraft was hit and destroyed.
Lieutenant
Nunn was killed instantly and his aircrewman Sergeant Belcher was
grieviously
wounded. Lieutenant Nunn displayed exceptional courage, flying skill
and
complete devotion to duty in the face of the enemy. His achievements
that day,
supporting the Battalion, were exceptional and were instrumental in the
eventual victory.
The QUEEN
has been graciously pleased to approve the
award of the Distinguished Flying Cross to the undermentioned in
recognition of
gallantry and distinguished service during operations in the South
Atlantic.
Distinguished Flying Cross:
Captain Jeffrey Peter NIBLETT Royal Marines. During the attack
on Darwin and Goose Green, Captain Niblett led a section of two Scout
helicopters, supplying ammunition and evacuating casualties for two
days, often
in the thick of battle and under enemy fire. During one mission both
Scouts
were attacked by Argentine Pucara aircraft. The helicopters evaded the
first attack,
but one was subsequently shot down. However, with quite exceptional
flying
skill and superb teamwork with his aircrewman, Captain Niblett evaded
three
further cannon and rocket attacks, safely completing the mission. He
then
resolutely continued support and casualty evacuation operations until
well
after dark. His courage, leadership and flying skills were also
demonstrated in
an incident when he evacuated a seriously wounded Marine from Mount
Challenger,
flying in dark and misty conditions over most hazardous terrain.
Captain
Niblett proved himself an outstanding Flight Commander and pilot. The
superb
support that his flight as a whole gave to the landing force reflects
his
exemplary and dedicated service.
Distinguished Conduct Medal: Corporal Julian BURDETT
Royal Marines PO36660J. On the night of 11th/ 12th June 1982, on the
Island of
East Falkland, 45 Commando Royal Marines launched a silent night attack
against
strongly held enemy positions on the craggy hill feature of Two
Sisters, ten
kilometres to the west of Port Stanley. As Section Commander, Corporal
Burdett
was leading his Section when they came under heavy fire from enemy
Mortars. Two
of his men were killed instantly and he himself severely wounded.
Despite these
setbacks, he continued to encourage and steady his section as they
moved
forward. Ignoring his wounds Corporal Burdett also continued to pass
further
important reports of enemy positions. Simultaneously he organised the
evacuation of his wounded colleagues until he himself was carried from
the
scene of the fighting. Despite serious losses, Corporal Burdett's
selfless and
distinguished leadership inspired his men to continue their advance.
Distinguished
Service Medal:
Acting Corporal Aircrewman Michael David LOVE Royal
Marines P035079S. Corporal Love of 846 Naval Air Squadron, completed
seven
operational sorties in very hazardous conditions. He played a vital
part in the
success of these missions and displayed remarkable skill, bravery and
resilience during periods of intense activity. Sadly, he was later
killed in a
flying accident but his great contribution to the success of the
Squadron's
operations will always remain a source of inspiration.
Distinguished
Service Medal:
Colour Sergeant Michael James FRANCIS Royal Marines
P021992F. Colour Sergeant Francis coxswain of LCU Fl, was working in
the
vicinity of HMS ANTELOPE when her unexploded bomb detonated, resulting
in an
immediate fire which caused her crew, already at emergency stations, to
be
ordered to abandon ship. Colour Sergeant Francis took his craft in to
help with
the close range firefighting before being ordered to withdraw because
of the
considerable danger to his craft. In a later incident on 8th June he
put his
craft alongside RFA SIR GALAHAD to start offloading troops to Fitzroy.
Whilst
alongside there was a sudden and completely unexpected bombing raid on
the
vessel and her sister ship RFA SIR TRISTRAM by four enemy aircraft. RFA
SIR
GALAHAD was hit centrally, immediately bursting into flames and
billowing black
smoke. One bomb fell within 10 feet of LCU Fl. Despite the possibility
of a
second raid (which developed later), Colour Sergeant Francis stayed
alongside
and took off a craft load of about 100 survivors, including many very
badly
wounded. After landing this load Colour Sergeant Francis returned to
the area
of RFA SIR GALAHAD, by now an inferno, took off the few remaining
survivors,
helped RFA SIR GALAHAD's life rafts into the shore, and then checked
the rest
of the area and other life rafts for further survivors. These are two
separate
actions of calm and selfless bravery, one in the presence of the enemy.
Sergeant William John LESLIE Royal Marines P023234T.
During the period 21st-26th May 1982 HMS BROADSWORD was subjected to
numerous
air attacks. During these attacks two aircraft were shot down by Sea
Wolf
missiles and two by Bofors gun and small arms fire. Sergeant Leslie
trained and
oversaw a General Purpose Machine Gun Rifle Battery manned by a mixed
group of
seamen and marines on the signal deck. His professional expertise with
weapons
and his steadiness under fire quickly won the confidence of these men,
despite
their exposed position, and ensured the effectiveness of their fire,
leading to
the destruction of two enemy aircraft. Although narrowly missed by a 30
mm
cannon shell in an early attack, Sergeant Leslie was unperturbed and
continued
coolly to guide and encourage his men during successive waves of air
attacks on
and off duty throughout the whole period.
Military
Medals:
Sergeant Thomas COLLINGS Royal Marines P029088B.
During the Falkland Islands Conflict Sergeant Ceilings, 3 Commando
Brigade,
participated in several particularly hazardous actions. During these he
displayed great personal courage, and, despite the close proximity of
Argentine
forces, he often provided accurate appraisals of the hostile units
which were
of great assistance to his Commanding Officer. He also demonstrated
physical
endurance of the highest order which was a great inspiration to the men
of his
unit. His professional ability and bravery reflected the finest
traditions of
the Corps.
Sergeant Michael COLLINS Royal Marines P027813G. On
the night of 11th/12th June 1982, on the Island of East Falkland, 42
Commando,
Royal Marines planned for a night attack on Mount Harriet. Crucial to
success
was the need to reconnoitre a route through unmarked minefields. In the
days
proceeding the attack Sergeant Collins volunteered to lead a patrol to
probe and
find a route through. During their reconnaissance a mine exploded
causing a
member of the patrol to lose a leg: he had to be carried back to
safety.
Undetterred, Sergeant Collins again volunteered to lead a further
reconnaissance patrol. Despite detection and coming under heavy enemy
fire, by
his outstanding leadership and determination the patrol made a vitally
important contribution to the overall success of the operation.
Sergeant Joseph Desmond WASSELL Royal Marines.
Sergeant Wassell commanded a four man team in the Mountain and Arctic
Warfare
Cadre. His quiet and steadfast leadership and professionalism led him
to be
selected for several particularly hazardous missions culminating in an
operation in conjunction with Lieutenant Haddow's team on Goat Ridge
while it
was still in the hands of the enemy. He led his team on a detailed
night
reconnaissance patrol and then lay up for 24 hours, at times within a
few feet
of the enemy. He produced a detailed map listing the size and location
of the
enemy position which was later used to very good effect. Whilst in this
area
Sergeant Wassell also directed and controlled artillery fire to within
20
metres of his own men, causing considerable damage to the enemy. Two
nights
later he returned to Goat Ridge and led the 1st Battalion 7th Gurkha
Rifles in
their move forward to assault Mount William. Sergeant Wassell set an
example of
courage in the face of the enemy and the elements that was an
inspiration to
all.
Corporal Michael ECCLES Royal Marines P028263C. On
12th June 'K' Coy was the leading company for a unit night attack
against a
strongly held Argentine position on Mount Harriet. After surprising the
enemy
fierce fighting followed at close quarters amongst the rocks in which
decisive
and inspiring leadership at section level proved critical. Corporal
Eccles set
an outstanding example in this respect by leading from the front to
encourage
his section to exploit shock action and successfully overrun the
position. This
was only achieved, in fact, by a series of assaults against machine gun
positions and groups of snipers. Several ranks were wounded, including
another
section commander, while the troop became even more depleted as
increasing
numbers of the enemy surrendered and had to be guarded. Corporal Eccles
pressed
on relentlessly, however, to inflict sufficient casualties for the
remainder to
abandon further resistance.
Corpora] David HUNT Royal Marines, P035637B. Corporal
Hunt was a Section Commander in a Rifle Company of 42 Commando
throughout the
campaign. His qualities of leadership, determination, professionalism
and good
humour were outstanding, often in the most arduous and dangerous
circumstances.
During the attack on Two Sisters, he was the first to spot enemy
positions and
to give accurate reports which resulted in artillery fire being brought
to
bear. It was while leading his section that he became wounded and lost
the use
of his arm. Ignoring his wounds, he continued to lead his men forward
until
they were successful in their mission.
Corporal Stephen Charles NEWLAND Royal Marines,
P030503S. On the night of 11th/ 12th June 1982, on the Island of East
Falkland,
42 Commando Royal Marines began a silent night attack against strongly
defended
enemy positions on the Mount Harriet feature, five kilometres to the
west of
Port Stanley. Initially, in getting onto and amongst the rocky crags of
Mount
Harriet, they achieved brilliant surprise. Thereafter, a fierce attack
erupted,
and Corporal Newland's Section were pinned down by enemy machine gun
fire from
a cliff above. Ignoring the obvious dangers, Corporal Newland scaled
the cliff
and, single-handed, attacked the enemy with bullet and grenade.
Although
wounded in both legs he continued to engage the enemy and direct his
Section
onto their position.
Corporal Harry SIDDALL Royal Marines P027128B. On the
morning of 12th June 1982, 45 Commando Group had secured their
objective of the
Two Sisters hill. It was thought that a possible enemy mortar position
was
situated at the base of a forward slope in the van of enemy positions
on
Tumbledown Mount. Corporal Siddall, ‘Y Coy’ and Bombardier Holt went
forward to
attempt to identify the base plate positions. Because of difficult
terrain and
lack of routes Corporal Siddall left his section to his rear in a firm
base.
From his forward position he heard enemy approaching. When the four man
patrol
closed he opened fire, killing one man, and capturing the remaining
three, one
of whom was wounded. Corporal Siddall's sustained qualities of
leadership and
determination showed a complete indifference to adverse conditions and
his
personal safety.
Corporal Chrystie Nigel Hanslip WARD Royal Marines
P031958E. On 12th June 1982 'K' Coy, 42 Commando, was the leading
company for a
unit night attack against a strongly held Argentine position on Mount
Harriet.
Fierce fighting followed at close quarters amongst the rocks in which
decisive
and inspiring leadership was vital. Corporal Ward set an outstanding
example in
this respect by leading from the front to encourage his section to
exploit shock
action and successfully overrun the position. This was only achieved by
a
series of assaults on machine gun positions and groups of snipers.
Several
ranks were wounded including another section commander, and the need to
guard
the increasing numbers of the enemy surrendering depleted the troop
still
further. Corporal Ward pressed on relentlessly however, to inflict
sufficient
casualties for the remainder to abandon further resistance.
Acting Corporal Andrew Ronald BISHOP Royal Marines
P037457N. On the night of 11th/12th June 1982, on the Island of East
Falkland,
45 Commando Royal Marines, launched a silent night attack against
strongly held
enemy positions on the craggy hill feature of Two Sisters. Initially,
until
eventually detected by the enemy, they achieved brilliant surprise. In
the
fierce fighting that erupted Acting Corporal Bishop's Section Commander
was
killed by intense fire from an enemy machine gun post. Showing a
complete
disregard for his own safety, Acting Corporal Bishop rallied his
Section and
led them forward to assault and take the enemy's position. His clear
assessment
and determination under fire inspired his colleagues and made a vital
contribution to the overall success of the attack.
Marine Gary William MARSHALL Royal Marines P041435J.
During the night 8th/9th June 1982, on the Island of East Falkland,
Marine
Marshall was on patrol in the area of the Two Sisters feature, ten
kilometres
to the west of Port Stanley. Disregarding his personal safety, Marine
Marshall
dashed across open moonlit ground through enemy fire to secure a vital
position. That done, using his machine gun, he engaged and destroyed
the two
enemy machine gun posts that had dominated the area. His action was
inspiring
and enabled his Troop to safely withdraw to secure positions.
Distinguished
Flying Medal:
Sergeant William Christopher O'BRIEN Royal Marines
PO30684R. During the attack on Darwin and Goose Green Sergeant O'Brien
piloted
a Gazelle helicopter of M Flight, 3rd Commando Brigade Air Squadron.
For two
days his helicopter conducted supply and casualty evacuation
operations, often
under enemy fire. With his Flight Commander he also took part in 17
night
flying sorties to evacuate wounded personnel and resupply vital
ammunition. At
times these sorties necessitated flying forward to company lines in the
heat of
battle and in appalling weather. The conspicuous gallantry and cool
professionalism displayed on all these occasions was superb and
Sergeant
O'Brien made an outstanding contribution. His expertise and competence
as a
pilot has been widely admired and recognised.
1982. Monday 11th
October. From the Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood at St.
James's
Palace London S.W.I. The Queen has been graciously pleased to approve
the
Posthumous award of the Queen's Gallantry Medal to the undermentioned
in
recognition of gallantry during the operations in the South Atlantic.
Queen's
Gallantry Medal Acting:
Colour Sergeant Brian JOHNSTON Royal Marines PO23116X.
Colour Sergeant Johnston, coxswain of LCU F4, was working in the
vicinity of
HMS ANTELOPE when her unexploded bomb detonated, starting an immediate
fire
which caused her crew, already at emergency stations, to be ordered to
abandon
ship. Without hesitation Colour Sergeant Johnston laid his craft
alongside the
ANTELOPE and began to fight the fire and take off survivors. At
approximately
2200Z he was ordered to stay clear of the ship because of the severity
of the
fire and the presence of a second unexploded bomb. Colour Sergeant
Johnston
remained alongside until his load was complete. In all LCU F4 rescued
over 100
survivors from the ANTELOPE. On 8th June, LCU F4 was attacked by enemy
aircraft
in Choiseul Sound. During this action Colour Sergeant Johnston and five
of his
crew were killed. Colour Sergeant Johnston's selfless bravery in the
face of
extreme danger was in the highest traditions of the Corps.
The Queen
has been graciously pleased to approve the
award of the Queen's Gallantry Medal in recognition of gallantry during
the
operations in the South Atlantic:
Mention in Dispatches:
Major Peter Ralph LAMB Royal Marines.
Major Michael John NORMAN Royal Marines.
Major David Anthony PENNEFATHER Royal Marines.
Major Rupert Cornelius VAN DER HORST, Royal Marines.
Captain Eugene Joseph O'KANE Royal Marines.
Captain Andrew Robert PILLAR Royal Marines.
Captain Nicholas Ernest POUNDS Royal Marines.
Lieutenant Andrew John EBBENS Royal Marines.
Lieutenant Fraser HADDOW Royal Marines.
Lieutenant Roland Frederick PLAYFORD, Royal Marines.
Warrant Officer Class 2 Robert John BROWN Royal
Marines P021729L.
Warrant Officer Class 2 Adrian Spencer ROBINSON Royal
Marines P019573Y.
Colour Sergeant Barrie DAVIES Royal Marines P020357M.
Colour Sergeant Everett YOUNG Royal Marines P023189T.
Sergeant Peter BEEVERS Royal Marines P026130T.
Sergeant Edward Lindsay BUCKLEY Royal Marines
P025425T.
Sergeant Brian Gordon BURGESS Royal Marines P037926M.
Sergeant Edgar Robert CANDLISH Royal Marines P031726H.
Sergeant Robert Terence COOPER Royal Marines,
P027420D.
Sergeant Graham DANCE Royal Marines P041201U.
Sergeant Colin Charles DE LA COUR Q.G.M. Royal Marines
P024604K.
Sergeant Brian DOLIVERA Royal Marines P028117H.
Sergeant Andrew Peter EVANS Royal Marines P025446U
(Posthumous).
Sergeant Ian David FISK Royal Marine, P028197B.
Sergeant William David Paul LEWIS Royal Marines
P028215X.
Sergeant Mitchell MC!NTYRE Royal Marines P022409Q.
Sergeant Henry Frederick NAPIER Royal Marines P025932E.
Sergeant Thomas Arthur SANDS Royal Marines P027627C.
Sergeant William John STOCKS Royal Marines P024265U.
Sergeant Christopher Ralph STONE Royal Marines
P026323M.
Sergeant Robert David WRIGHT Royal Marines P027999Q.
Corporal Christopher John Graham BROWN Royal Marines
P033816X.
Corporal Gordon COOKE Royal Marines P024499L.
Corporal Thomas William McMAHON Royal Marines
P030590A.
Lance Corporal Peter William BOORN Royal Marines
P037261V.
Lance Corporal Barry GILBERT Royal Marines P040829B.
Marine Robert BAINBRIDGE Royal Marines P027011B.
Marine Nicholas John BARNETT Royal Marines P038293A.
Marine David Stanley COMBES Royal Marines P037746K.
Marine Garry CUTHELL Royal Marines P036511U.
Marine Leslie DANIELS Royal Marines P038702U.
Marine Stephen DUGGAN Royal Marines P029137R.
Marine Leonard John GOLDSMITH Royal Marines P041637T.
Marine Graham HODKINSON Royal Marines P028769S.
Marine Mark Andrew NEAT Royal Marines P040450H.
Marine Geoffrey NORDASS Royal Marines P038320X.
Marine David Lloyd O'CONNOR Royal Marines P037962R.
Marine Christopher James SCRIVENER Royal Marines
P039444L.
Marine John STONESTREET Royal Marines P03SS76L.
Marine Ricky Shaun STRANGE Royal Marines P032274P.
Marine Perry THOMASON Royal Marines P038632D.
Marine Paul Kevin WILSON Royal Marines P040423E.
Queen's Commendation for Brave Conduct:
Marine Paul Anthony CRUDEN Royal Marines P040123Y.
1982. The Falklands Conflict. The SBS saw action in the South Atlantic in
1982 when Britain retook the Falklands from the Argentineans. They
carried out reconnaissance weeks ahead of the arrival of the main task
force, laying up in hides cut into the barren landscape. The SAS were
also carrying out similar missions on the islands and there was an
unfortunate 'blue on blue' or 'friendly fire' incident when an SBS
patrol was mistakenly ambushed by the SAS.
The SBS, along with
the SAS and Royal Marines were responsible for retaking South Georgia,
which although militarily insignificant, was a great morale boost for
both the approaching task force and the British public.
The night before the planned landing of British forces at San Carlos,
the SBS cleared Fanning Head, a hill that overlooked San Carlos Bay.
The Argentinian defenders were shelled up by Naval Gunfire whilst the
SBS assault force were flown in. After calls for the Argentinians to
surrender were answered with gunfire, the SBS attacked, killing 12 and
taken more prisoners. This was a small but vital operation. The
Argentinians on Fanning Head were manning heavy weapons that could have
been brought to bear on the landing force.
Another notable incident occurred when a force of SBS assaulted an
Argentinean spy trawler that had been shadowing the British fleet. The
ship had been damaged by bombs and cannon fire from an earlier attack
by Navy Sea Harriers and was listing badly when the assault force
arrived in 2 Seaking helicopters. Using techniques developed for
maritime counter terrorism, the SBS assault team fast-roped onto the
deck and quickly secured the ship without any shots fired. Along with
the shaken crew, vital intelligence documents were also retrieved and
flown back to the fleet. This was the first air-to-ship storming of a
hostile vessel in military history.
Towards the end of the conflict, with British forces closing on the
capital, Port Stanley, a joint SBS/SAS mission was launched against
Stanley harbor. The plan was to put in a diversionary attack from the
sea, to draw Argentinean forces and attention away from the main
defensive line. The assault force approached the harbor on rigid
raiders, attempting to slip in behind a hospital ship, but were spotted
by troops on board the vessel who shone a spotlight onto the teams.
Coming under heavy fire from the hospital ship, the SBS/SAS teams were
forced to withdraw, managing to escape without serious injury.
1982. After the Argentinian invasion of the Falkland Islands, the SBS was
deployed to South Georgia. The only losses to the SBS during the
Falklands War occurred when the SBS and SAS were operating behind the
lines and two members of the SBS were shot by an SAS patrol, who had
mistaken them for Argentinians.
1982. October. 280Je. Kings Squad passed for duty from Lympstone. Squad Photo.
1982. Monday 1st November. At the Deal Barracks. A General List officer (Lieutenant Colonel D Watson RM) was appointed Commandant of the Royal Marines School of Music, thus allowing the new Principal Director of Music Royal Marines (Lieutenant Colonel G A C Hoskins OBE MVO RM; appointed on the same day) to concentrate on the musical aspects of his duties. (RMHS)
1982. 3 Commando Brigade Air Squadron moved to RNAS Yeovilton.
1983. Monday 24th
January. Amendment to BR2118 Royal Marines Drill: "The practice of
Directors of Music marching in front of their bands, when there is
insufficient
room for them to march on the right flank, Director of Music. The
Director of
Music will be 2 paces clear of the right flank of the band and in line
with the
leading ranks of Musicians. When there is insufficient room for the
Director of
Music to march on the flank he is to take up a position at the rear of
the
Band. If the Bandmaster is not on Parade, he should take the normal
position of
the bandmaster. If the bandmaster is on parade he should take up a
position 2
paces to the rear of the bandmaster."
1983. Thursday 31st March. The Royal Marine Band of Flag Officers Naval Air Command was disbanded.
1983. April. 40 Commando was deployed to the Falklands for 6 months to September. (from Mark Allen PO41252X)
1983. Saturday 28th May. Marine Andrew Thomas Gibbons aged 20 of 40 Cdo, was accidentally shot whilst on a foot patrol, Camlough Lake, Armagh Northern Island.+
1983. Saturday 28th May. Men of the light blue lanyard remember a fellow brother Andrew Thomas (Gibbo) Gibbons PO39170S who tragically died at Camlough in Northern Ireland 37 years ago this day. R.I.P Gibbo Gone but never forgotten. Love and Big Hugs to Andrew's mum Pat Day. Men of 40 Commando Royal Marines of that era include.
Les Gordon. Stewart Bratherton. Billy Budd. Tony Treacy. Lofty Loftus. Garry Finney. Harry Bee. Graham Paton. Micky Thackeray. Ivor Lucas. Stew Putland. Kevin South. Graeme Golightly. Paul Sinclair. Alan Holderness. We do and will remember him OARMAARM. (Face Book 40 COMMANDO ASSOCIATION ROYAL MARINES from Kev Parkin)
1983. Friday 16th
September. 284 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1983. Friday 21st
October. 285 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1983. Friday 4th
November. 177Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1983. Friday 2nd December.
286 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine C.T. Fergusson was awarded The Kings badge.
1983. 40 Commando
deployed to Cyprus for a United Nations tour of duty.
1983. Royal Marine Band
of Flag Officer Naval Air Command was disbanded.
1983. 40 Commando was
moved to Taunton.
1983. Major C.J. Nunn
RM was the first Royal Marines officer to command an Army Air Corps
squadron in
Detmold, Germany, and Northern Island from May 1983 to December 1985.
1984. February. The Massed Band Concert at the Royal Albert Hall renamed 'The Mountbatten Festival of Music'.
1984. 539 Assault Squadron Royal Marines (539 ASRM). Raised in 1984, as a
result of lessons learned during the Falklands Conflict in 1982, 539
Assault Squadron is tasked with providing the capability of integral
amphibious movement to the units of 3 Commando Brigade. The Squadron
acquired its name from 539 Assault Flotilla which took part in the
Invasion of Normandy on 6th June 1944.
The Squadron was formed
for the duration of the Falklands campaign where it was employed in the
covert landings of Special Forces, supporting advance force operations
and assisting in the landing of main formations.
539 is a specialist amphibious unit manned by some 100 highly trained
coxswains and crews responsible for the operation of Hovercraft, Rigid
Raiders and Inflatable Raiding Craft as well as Vehicle and Personnel
Landing Craft. The Squadron is based at Turn chapel just outside
Plymouth.
1984. Sunday 1st April. The 539 Assault Squadron was formed as organic unit
in 3 Cdo Bde on Sunday 1st April 1984 at the Royal William Yard in
Plymouth. Commissioned operational on 24th July 1984.The Squadron had
an Amphibious Beach Unit (ABU) with a Beach Armoured Recovery Vehicle
(BARV) and the ability to lay beach trackway with a specially adapted
vehicle.
1988-89 Trials with Slingsby hovercraft.
1989 Squadron reviewed in their craft, when the salute was taken by Maj
Gen N. F. Vaux CB, DSO at Plymouth and he presented them with a new
ceremonial pennant.
1989-1990 After pre-winter training in Snowdonia mountains and craft
training at ATTURM, deployed in Norway in January (later than usual)
when the Squadron carried out various training exercises including
trials with a new RRC replacement.
1990 LCs off Libya for evacuation if required.
Hovercraft trials.
1991 Caribbean training.
1991 Exercise ‘Final Nail’ landed YO’s and their ‘enemy’ from the Royal
Scots on the beaches of Skye (Inner Hebrides) and experienced Force 10
gale which brought the exercise to an abrupt end. It became Force 12 as
the LSL Sir Belvedere sailed back to Plymouth with 539 Sqn aboard.
1993 In June moved to a custom built base on the banks of the Plym
River on the site of the old Turn Chappel Wharf. This had 1,000m² of
hard standing, 150m of jetty, 900m² of concrete slipway and a careening
grid. The workshops and offices were housed in nearby buildings
including five of stone and built in the early 19th century by French
Prisoners of war. These and other services provided all that the
Squadron required to be operational.
1994 By March the Squadron had four hovercraft and the first RRC Mk2s.
1995 The advance party for the winter deployment to Norway in 1995
arrived at Harstad soon after Christmas on the Squadron’s 10th
deployment to Norway, making recces of sites for various courses. The
main body arrived, and the new comers completed the Novice Ski and
Survival Course, others completed the Winter Warfare Course (Infantry).
LCU C2 fouled her kedge on an underwater electric cable, requiring the
aid of the Norwegian Coast Guard Service to extract the ‘hook’ in a
sudden storm.
1996 Exercise ‘Purple Star’ in America and by the winter several craft had major refits.
1997 The Squadron had: LCUs capable of carrying a battle tank or 100
Marines and their equipment; LCVPs which were each able to carry a Land
Rover plus a Light Gun (105–mm) or 30 fully equipped Marines; IRC to
carry six Marines; RRC to carry 8 Marines; and four LCAC which were
hover craft each able to carry 64 Marines
Memorable dates: 6th June Landings in Normandy (in 1944) and 21st May
Landings in San Carlos Water in 1982.(RMHS)
1984.Tuesady 12th
June. The Massed Bands Beat Retreat on Horse Guards Parade.
1984. Wednesday 27th June. Her Majesty The Queen and his Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT Captain General Royal Marines visited Royal Marines Poole to homour the Corps. The first occasion on which her majesty had visited the Corps within a Royal Marines establishment other than to present Colours.
1984. Detachments of 3 Commando Brigade Air Defence Troop embarked in ships of the Armilla Patrol.
1984. 539 Assault
Squadron formed.
1984. All 10 man Frigate detachments were withdrawn.
1984. ‘SBS The History that can be told’. It was inevitable that the Falkland Campaign should lead to books being written about the supposedly more glamorous and exciting units of the Services. The Special Air Service (SAS) had had a good box—office for years. The transformation of their wartime role into one which made them the elite of post-war anti-terrorist campaigners, has earned them fame throughout the world. To the mild surprise of the public, the press has introduced another special unit and one that had not previously obtained the headlines.
The unit is the Special Boat Squadron and their work is just as exciting as that of the SAS whilst their members additionally have the genealogy of being both Royal Marines and Commandos as well as Special Boat Squadron (SBS).No fewer than four books have been published since mid-1983 with "SBS" or "Special Boat Squadron" in their titles,(see list below).To the disappointment of their authors - and they all make special comment on this - the Ministry of Defence has quite rightly discouraged publication of accounts about the method and types of SBS operations that have taken place from Borneo (1962) and the Falkland Campaign (1982), up to this day. The nature of their military and amphibious techniques must remain untold. Barrie Pitt emphasises the anonymity of the members of the SBS by printing a photograph, taken at a recent reunion, when each of the two hundred present has a paper bag over his head! Knowing that today's techniques and expertise must still remain untold, it has been an interesting exercise to read the four books and to be reminded of the stories each author has to tell. More than forty years have elapsed since the initials SBS were used for the first time so it is appropriate that the history of their operations should be told, and this is what James Ladd has achieved in his "SBS The Invisible Raiders". The book starts with an original diagrammatic representation of the chronological history of the SBS and the units that existed in World War II. This diagram gives a superb chapter heading and an easy-to follow sequence that shows how the SBS of today was evolved. One wishes that the author had followed this pattern. As it is, the uninitiated reader may not understand the significance of the units and the abbreviations used even though James Ladd has continued his practice of producing elaborate and informative appendices. It was probably his successful attempt to have his book published well before the others that prevented the correction of numerous small errors. The transformation of wartime training into the more vigorous and yet "fun exercises" today are well related and Ladd incorporates many human episodes and anecdotes to make his book good reading material. He includes stories from Malaya, Korea, Borneo, Europe and Northern Ireland and does not leave much doubt in the mind of the reader about the operational techniques that could be used. Like Ladd, Philip Warner puts "SBS" in the title of his book and it sports the Royal Marines' cap-badge on the cover although to read this work one has to have a versatile and elastic appreciation of history. It is not until Chapter 10, of a book with only twelve chapters, that one reads about the exploits of the SBS in 1940 and the formation of the Royal Marine Boom Detachment (of Cockleshell Heroes fame) in 1942. In Chapter 7 there is a paragraph in reference to RMBPD's activities in the Greek Islands, but clearly Warner has not researched the title nor the role of the unit adequately as he gives it the wrong name and refers to Appendix II when it is Appendix I which describes the unit. One is forced to believe that Mr Warner, military historian and author of "The SAS", used much of his previously published works when writing this book and be it noted that he has been let down badly by his proof readers. As early as page 12 there is mention of a completely misplaced Island of Pantellaria. The inaccuracies or typing errors concerning the introduction of Royal Marines into minor landing craft and SBS - which are both written as 1948 when they refer to 1943 and 1950 - will cause problems for the student of history, or indeed, to the average reader. Sadly, these are not the only errors. "SBS in World War II" by C B Courtney sets out to tell the story of the formation and operations of the original Special Boat Squadron... "we were in no way connected with the Special Boat Squadron of the SAS formed in September 1942, nor with the Special Boat Squadron of the Royal Marines, established after the war"... The author, brother of Roger Courtney, founder of the SBS, provides a well-researched book. He tells an interesting story as a memorial to his eldest brother recording the history of the Special Boat Sections and, as he hoped, provides a book of useful reference to students of the Special Operations of World War II. There is thus no reason to comment adversely on his intentionally partisan remarks about the Special Boat Squadron of the SAS, with their vigorous methods of operations and higher casualties or on the remarks about the Royal Marines who were to take over the control of all amphibious raiding units in the Far East. The remarks are what one would expect from a leading operator who served in the original SBS; he is one of those to whom the SBS of today owe so much. Perhaps one quote will show how different a Section was to a Squadron in the days of 1943-1944. "Metaphorically speaking SAS liked to burst in gallantly through the front door, while SBS preferred to slip in at the back through the bathroom window. “Perhaps that is why the SBS of the Royal Marines chose as their motto "Not by Strength by Guile". Apart from many actual reports of the early SBS operations there are interesting descriptions of submarine operations and comments on a variety of submersible craft. Barrie Pitt, as an established military historian, has provided the story of the Special Boat Squadron of the SAS (that 'Gruff' Courtney takes pains to disown) and tells it in a way that is easy to follow. His numerous maps make the operations graphic and real to the reader who does not have to take each one in isolation. He shows how every raid was bound up with the overall military situation at the time and how each was part of "theatre operations". In "Special Boat Squadron" the reader gets to know the leading actors and serves with them, rather than only read about them as in the other books. Pit only tells part of the story - the Mediterranean part - and like Courtney is as loyal to the SAS as Courtney is to the SB Section. The readers of all these books will find it difficult to discern between the SB Section and the SB Squadron where only initial letters are used. Did the Royal Marines change the name of their parent organisation from Special Boat Company to Special Boat Squadron so as to speak the same language as the SAS (whose sub-units are Squadrons)? Or was it to confuse and mislead everyone by using the initials SBS which could refer either to a Section or the Squadron? The command and control of the Private Armies receives little attention in all these books, save that the authors record with pride the names of the father figures who formed or led these units during World War II. The first Theatre command was Raiding Forces Middle East (1943) as quoted in Appendix II of Ladd's "SBS The Invisible Raiders" but in his Chapter 7 James Ladd has a major heading "The Small Operation-Group" in which he says that SOC was formally established on 12 June1944 under the Headquarters of Moun that ten's South East Asia Command (SEAC). It was commanded by Colonel H T Tollemache with Lt Col. H G Hasler, of Cockleshell Heroes fame, as his chief instructor and co-ordinator of operations. This is recorded too, with some dismay, by Courtney. In his much earlier book "The Watery Maze", 1961, Bernard Fergusson wrote. "Those who had most to do with Raiding are agreed on certain principles which were never firmly established during war. Raiders should be taken from a special force under one Commander..."Until we are told the whole story of the Falkland campaign, we shall never know whether Fergusson’s understanding of command and control was put into effect in the South Atlantic. Nor will we ever know the complete story of operational and training casualties since World War I1. I would hazard a guess that since the end of 1945 the total number of casualties of SBS trained ranks, in training exercises or operations - whilst serving in SBS or SB Squadron - does not exceed 20. The figure could well be much less. My estimate takes into account opraLioa1. deployments from Korea, Suez, Borneo, Aden, Northern Ireland and Falklands ranging to areas less well known but of no less significance. This figure includes too the four who were lost when HM Submarine Affray failed to surface in 1951. The skills were learnt from those who swam, parachuted, canoed or recce's during the war. They too served in SBS around the World. In order to obtain a full history of the SBS, up to the present day, there may well have to be a diet of Ladd, Courtney and Pitt. Warner could act as a follow-up for those who like to compare SBS with SAS. Indeed, I would like to combine The overall background, photographs and appendices given by Ladd and add to them the personalised stories and nominal lists of Courtney. Then I would bring the style and continuity of Pitt, with his maps and chronological details into an ideal book which, of course, should have the price of Warner's. There would then be a record for the historian as well as for the reader of military stories. It would be an excellent book too, for the recruit of the future whether he be Prince or Commoner. However, we do not live in an ideal world and so for the story of the SBS (whether Section or Squadron) here are four books that cannot be taken in isolation, one without the other, dust as the original activities of the Private Armies and Navies of SBS COPP - SlUT - RMBPD and RM det 385 cannot now be taken in isolation. They have all joined together to form SBS.
FOOTNOTE:
The author of "SBS": The History that can he told" Lieutenant Colonel Peter G Davis, has a wide knowledge of amphibious raiding and special boat work. His military career nearly spans the history of the first forty years of the SBS, and whilst it is not usually the Journal's practice to publish details of an author's career, this fact and the contribution Colonel Davis has made to his profession leads to an exception. In early 1944 he commanded assault landing craft in the Adriatic, landing soldiers, Royal Marine Commandos and partisans on the Yugoslav mainland and islands. He was awarded the DSC for his Adriatic operations. Between 1945 and 1947, he served in RN Boom Patrol Detachment (RMBPD) in Devon. In turn this unit was incorporated (1947-1950) with returning personnel from Small Operations Group (SOG) set up in South East Asia Command, This new unit was called the Small Raids Wing of the Amphibious School 1M at Portsmouth. In 1950--51 he served in the RN Rhine Flotilla where initially the only other RM officer was the Staff Officer Operations, Lt Col N H Tailyour DSO (later the Commandant General Royal Marines, General Sir Norman Tailyour). Together the two men formulated the size, structure and equipment of an operational unit, and Lieutenant Peter Davis' proposal that the unit be called "Special Boat Section Royal Marines" was accepted. Doing it, followed naming it: he commanded both 2 and 3 SBS in Germany and in Autumn 1951 returned home to command TSBS in the first major exercise SES had with the Army in the UK. In 1952 he formed No 6 SBS in 3 Cdo Bde in the Mediterranean. The roles of the new S:BS RM were to include those not only of the SBS of World War TI but also those of Combined Operations Pilotage Parties (COPP) Sea Reconnaissance Unit (SRU) RM Detachment 385 (from SOC in the Far East) and, of course, his own unit BMBPD. For the whole of 1955 and 1956 Captain Davis was the Training Officer for the Special Boat Company and exercised with Norwegians and French. En 1959-1961 Major. Davis commanded the Special Boat Company (later called Squadron): he was the, first to participate in exchange duties with the US Navy Underwater Demolition Teams and the US Marine Force Reconnaissance Company in the Caribbean and in USA. This was followed by the US Marine Staff Course 1961-1962. Service in 40 Cdo in Borneo followed and in some operations against the Indonesians he had 6 SBS within his command. His opposite number in the Force Reconnaissance Company in 1960 was Captain Paul Kelly (now commanding General US Marine Corps) with whom he undertook a two-man Anglo/US free-fall parachute descent in 1960. It is also interesting to note that from April 1984 both the Royal Marines (Lieutenant General N C I. Wilkins) and the US Marines, are commanded by officers with SBS training and command experience. (by Lieutenant Colonel Peter Davis DSC RN (RMHS)
1980's When the SBS joined the UKSF Group, it was restructured. Instead of one squadron being tasked with a permanent role the unit adopted the same system of squadron rotation as the SAS. Each Squadron rotates through counter terrorism duties and conventional operations and tasking.
1985. Friday 1st March. 190Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Simon Ashenden was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad Photo
1985. March. 288 Kings
Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1985. Monday 1st April.
The RM Band of Commando Forces ceased to exist, and HM The Queen
approved the
transfer of the badge of The Prince of Wales Plumes from this band to
the RM
Band at the Commando Training Centre, RM. This badge had originally
been worn
by the Bands of Plymouth Division and then Group but, when the latter
was split
into Bands for Commando Forces and CTC in 1972, it passed to the
Commando
Forces Band.
1985. Friday 21st June.
192 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine D.A. Williams was awarded the Kings Badge..
1985.Friday 4th October. 194Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Steve Bates was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad Photo.
1985. Friday 8th
November. 198Je Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone, M arine S.A. Brown was awarded the Kings badge.
1985. 20 Commando Battery RA. This Battery was formed after trials of Rapier
missiles for air defence, to support 3 Cdo Bde, and based at Kirton in
Lindsey [Suffolk?]. Before 1985 a series of trials with Rapiers in
Norway led by 1985 to the formation of a cadre which by 1987 (Lt,
WO + 3 x Sgts) trained RA gunners for mountain warfare and to work
Rapier FSB1. Capt M. G. Flanagan (previously RSM of 29 Cdo Rgt RA)
joined Cadre as Project Officer and the Cadre became C Troop, deployed
in WD89 with 3 x FSB1 fire units. These gunner officers and NCOs passed
the Cdo course but not entitled to wear Green Berets officially. Bty
Cmdr appointed in Sept 1989 some months before official formation of
the Bty in April 1990 as 20 Cdo Bty RA and armed with 24 Javelins as
interim measure, as the FSB1s did not work satisfactorily in mountains
and cold. In the Spring of 1997 training with Rapier FSB2 but
maintained full capacity of 24 x Javelins. To have 10 x FSB2 (an area
Short Range Air Defence (SHORAD) system. 24 hour all weather capability
with engagement range of 7.2 km.
The Battery used Air Defence
Command Control and Information Systems (ALES) which automated the
rapid passage of weapon control instructions from an Army Corps level
to individual fire units (note 3 below). By 1998 the systems was to be
carried in BV206s. These were expected to have two Autonomous Link
Eleven Systems (ALES) which would receive and display tactical
information from NATO Link 11 in AWACS aircraft, providing warning of
aircraft at ranges of over 750km. ALES would also provide additional
information such as IFF (identifying friend from foe), speed, heading
and position of aircraft. The Air Defence Troop (RM) came under command
of 20 Cdo Bty as did the Dutch Air Defence Trp (RNLMC AD TP). The AD
Troop was expected to be fully converted to Rapier FSB2 by March 1998,
a system which may be replaced in AD 2013 by another SHORAD
System.(RMHS)
1985 - 1993. Royal
Marines Commandos deploy on operational tours in Belize.
1986. Friday 17th
January. RM C-in-C Naval Home Command Band on board HMY Britannia
assist as
beach, stores, stretcher parties and immigration officers during
evacuation of
British Nationals from Aden. making several trips into various beaches
the
Yacht evacuated 1068 men, women and children up to the 24th January.
1986. Friday 25th
April. 295Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1986.Friday 30th May.
506 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1986. Tuesday 17th
June. 42 Commando RM carried out London Public Duties from 17th July
(the third
occasion that the Corps had received this honour) In addition to
Buckingham
Palace, St James's Palace and the Tower of London, guard mounting was
required
at Winsor Castle. Two Bands were needed; the Band of the Royal Marines
School
of Music, directed by Lieutenant Colonel G. A. C. Hoskins and led by
Drum Major
D Dawson was in London with the Band of C-in-C Fleet, directed by
Captain E. P.
Whealing and led by Drum Major Archer, at Windsor Castle.
1986. Friday 18th July.
298Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Simon Brooks was
awarded the
Kings Badge.
1986. Friday 3rd October. 512 Kings Squad
passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine T.W.Melvin was awarded the Kings Badge.
1986. Thursday 18th
December. 518 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Simon
Precious
was awarded the Kings Badge.
1986. The Royal Marine
Commando memorial was unveiled at Lympstone.
1987. The Formation Of M Squadron. The SBS's counter terrorism role was expanded with the amalgamation of 2 existing SBS sections into M squadron which took over the MCT role from Commachio Company.
1987. The SBS are taken under control of UKSF. An organisation comprising the SAS, SBS and 14th Intelligence Company. All 3 services come under control of the Directorate of Special Forces (DSF).
1987. After being renamed again the Special Boat Service, was also reformed along SAS lines, with 16 man troops instead of the traditional sections. About 200 - 250 men make up the SBS at any one time, and once qualified, personnel are known as 'Swimmer Canoeists'. They are experts in swimming, diving, parachuting, navigation, demolition and reconnaissance. at that time there were four active squadrons and a reserve unit.
1987. Friday 13th
March. 299 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1987. Friday 27th
March. 300Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1987. Tuesday 31st March. Royal Marine Band of Flag Officer 3rd Flotilla (FOF3) was disbanded.
1987.Friday 22nd May. 302Je. Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Squad Photo.
1987. April. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of Wilf Gunstone Ply/x100714. Born 27th May 1922. (from RMA Queensland).
1987. Friday 3rd July.
526 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1987. Saturday 22nd August. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of Fred Mathews Ch/x23547. Born 28th September 1900. (from RMA Queensland).
1987.Monday 26th
October. Change of title from RM Deal to Royal Marines School of Music.
1987. Tuesday 13th November. 532 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine S. Prosser was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad Photo.
1987. The Special Boat
Service came under command of Director Special Forces.
1987. Special Boat
Service became part of the United Kingdom Special Forces Group
alongside the
Special Air Service and 14 Intelligence Company. During the Gulf War,
there was
no amphibious role assigned to the SBS, an "area of operations line"
was drawn down the middle of Iraq, the SAS would operate west of the
line and
the SBS to the east. As well as searching for mobile scuds, their area
contained a mass of fibre-optic cable that provided Iraq with
intelligence, the
location of the main junction was 32 miles from Baghdad.
1988. February. Massed
Bands concert at the Royal Albert Hall extended to three performances
for the
first time. This concert was video recorded.
1988.Friday 29th April. 540 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Squad Photo.
1988. 13th May. 541
Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine Sommeville was
awarded the
Kings Badge.
1988.Friday 20th May. 542 Troop Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine D.J. Roach was awarded the Kings badge. Squad Photo.
1988. Friday 3rd June. 543 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine D.L. Lang was awardwd the Kings Badge.
1988. Friday 1st July.
545 Troop Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1988. Monday 12th September. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of R. Machin Ply/x105606. Birth unknown. (from RMA Queensland).
1988. Friday 9th September. 548 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine P.V. Williams-Smith was awarded the Kings badge. Squad Photo.
1988. Friday 16th September. 549 Kings Squad passed for duty at lympstone, Marine C. Sheerman was awarded the Kings Badge.
1988. Friday 30th September. 550 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine P.Farthing was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad Photo.
1988. Wednesday 5th October. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of Alan Sharpe no RM number? Born 13th May 1922. (from RMA Queensland).
1988. The 3rd Raiding Squadron was disbanded in Hong Kong.
1989. Friday 9th March. 579 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine P Walker was awarded with the Kings Badge.
1989. Thursday 8th June. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of Bill Shaw Ch/x112495. Birthdate unknown. (from RMA Queensland).
1989. Friday 14th July. 566 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Squad Photo.
1989. Wednesday 6th September. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of Geoff Langdale RMB/x1238. Birth unknown. (from RMA Queensland).
1989. Friday 22nd
September. An IRA (Irish Republican Army) bomb exploded in the
recreation room
of the North Barracks at the Royal Marine School of Music in Deal depot
killing
11 bands men.
Musician Michael Francis Ball aged 24, flautist, from
Ramsgate.
Musician John Andrew Cleatheroe aged 25.
Alto-Saxaphone, from Wakefield.
Band Corporal Trevor Edward Davis aged 39. Trombone.
Musician Richard George Fice aged 22. Trumpet, from
Cardiff, Wales.
Musician Richard Mark Jones aged 27. Band Corporal
David McMillan aged 26. Trumpet.
Musician Christopher Robert Nolan aged 21.
Band Corporal Dean Patrick Pavey aged 31. Bassoon,
from Eastbourne.
Musician Mark Timothy Petch aged 24.
Musician Timothy John Reeves aged 24 from Oldham.
Musician Robert Leslie Simmonds aged 34. Clarinet,
violin, piano.
A further 21 Bandsmen were injured.
1989. Friday 22nd September. John Bailey RM writes in 2018. 'We Will Remember Them, particularly on the 22nd September RIP'.
When I first arrived at Deal in 1961 we were sent to the New Intake Block for two weeks prior to moving to Recruit Company Block by the main parade. The New Intake Block area was, where 28 years later at 0822 on 22 September 1989 the IRA detonated a 15lb bomb in the then recreational centre changing room of the Royal Marines School of Music. The blast destroyed the recreational centre, levelled the three-story accommodation building next to it and caused extensive damage to the rest of the base and nearby civilian homes. The blast was heard several kilometers away, shaking windows in the centre of Deal, and created a large pall of smoke over the town.
The following Royal Marines lost their lives.
Musn Mick Ball, B/Cpl John (Andy) Cleatheroe,
B/Cpl Trevor Davis, Musn Richard Fice,
Musn Richard (Taff) Jones, B/Cpl Dave McMillan,
Musn Chris Nolan, B/Cpl Dean Pavey, Musn Mark Petch,
Musn Tim Reeves and Musn Bob Simmonds
The blast also resulted in the injury of 22 other Royal Marine Band Service members.
Just one week later the band service marched through Deal with gaps in their ranks to honour their fallen comrades.
A memorial bandstand was constructed at Walmer Green to the memory of those who "only ever wanted to play music".
The former Royal Marine Chapel which was used as a multi-purpose church, concert hall with its end section clearly seen to the left in the picture showing the bombed buildings, was in 2003 destroyed by fire. Today it is the central feature of the Band Service Memorial Garden.
The Massed Bands of the Royal Marines still annually provide a spectacular event on Horse Guards Parade in London, and are a credit to their former friends and colleagues. (by John Bailey RM)
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1989. Friday 29th September. The Band of the Royal Marines School of Music marched through the town of Deal to Honour their fallen Comrades, to thank the towns people for their support and as an act of defiance towards the bombers.
1989. Wednesday 25th
October The Freedom of the City of Newcastle was bestowed on the Corps. Commemorating
180 years of close association between the Royal Marines and the City.
1989. Friday 1st December. 573 Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Squad Photo.
1989. Friday 15th December. 574 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine A.R. Harker was awared the Kings Badge. Squad Photo.
1990. Saturday. 22nd
September. The Sunday closest to the 22nd September to be the RMBS
Memorial
Day, as a result of the 1989 Deal Bombing.
1990. Friday 9th March. 579 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine P Walker was awarded the kings badge. Squad Photo. (A comical version).
1990. Saturday 5th May.
580 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine P.G. Gillespie was awarded the Kings Badge.
1990. November. 591 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1990. Thursday 2nd August. Desert Storm. Saddam Hussein's army invades
oil-rich Kuwait. In the build up to the West's inevitable military
response, Saddam's regime took hostage western civilians as so-called
'human shields' in an attempt to deter any attacks by the US-led
coalition. Hasty plans were drawn up to rescue these people. The rescue
force would most likely have been made up of special operations troops
from the US, the UK and possibly France. The SBS would have played a
significant role in any rescue. Fortunately, the plans were never put
into play as Saddam relented and released all the westerners. It is
likely that such an operation would have been a disaster. There was
poor intelligence on the locations of the hostages and the disposition
of any guarding forces. Saddam had dispersed them around the country
and it's unlikely that all or even most of them could have been found
and rescued.
With the human shield crisis averted, the SBS was
tasked with severing the Iraqi's command and control communications
lines, which they did with typical aplomb.
Other tasks included scouting potential amphibious landing sites on the
Kuwaiti coastline, exploding demolition charges on the beaches to fool
the Iraqis that an amphibious landing was imminent and, as the war came
to a close, securing the British Embassy in Kuwait City.
1990. Thursday 2nd August. SBS Operators Destroy Iraqi Communications during the first Gulf War after Sadaam Hussain invaded Kuwait. Codenamed Operation Desert Shield. (02.08.1990 - 28.02.1990). The UKSF headed to the desert to cause havoc among enemy assets. The task for both the SAS and SBS, was to operate deep behind enemy lines. They were to hunt down scuds and destroy them before they hit neighbouring countries. Sadaam was happy to fire them off at others, he didn’t care about collateral damage he was causing. The teams were given set sectors to work in to avoid blue on blue incidents. Each group undertook missions in their respective sectors. SAS units were also in action behind enemy lines during the Gulf War. The Scud Hunters spent weeks on the run destroying Iraqi targets. One mission the special forces undertook was to recce Main Supply Routes (MSR). The lads would gather intel of troops movements and information on the Iraqi’s moving the scuds to their firing locations. This would be relayed back to HQ who could then decide whether to attack the site or not. Hopefully, they could prevent Saddam from deploying the scuds. Iraq is big and there weren’t that many UKSF guys floating about to conduct patrols and cover the entire country.
The SBS Mission
The SBS had a mission that would massively disrupt Sadaam’s ability to organise his army. The mission was to destroy a large, complex communications network.
US satellite intelligence discovered a well-hidden mass of fibre-optic cable buried deep in the ground. This communications network was what kept Sadaam in touch with his forward positions. These units were decent fighters, but with no comms from HQ at their end they would not be able to adjust to any problems and deal with them. (www.bootneckstuff.com)
The desert is a tough place to hide. At times it’s a flat plain, no wadi’s, just flat desert. This mission was made more difficult with it being just 32 miles west of Baghdad. Lookouts would have been on the go, Baghdad was a hive of activity, with any threat of us coming near surely being dealt with as best they could.
On the night of 22nd January 1991, thirty-six SBS operators packed their kit and headed towards two Chinook helicopters. The pilots took the men across Iraq to put them deep behind enemy lines. The site – on a road – was so close to Baghdad that there was a real possibility of the enemy launching a short notice counterattack. The lads had to be quiet and they had to be quick. The Iraqis would have had spies all around the area watching for possible enemy movement so the men had to be in and out as quick as they could.
The SBS Pack a Punch
The team had 180 kg of explosives, a cracking amount to destroy enemy equipment. After loading up, the Chinooks flew them directly to the site where they jumped out and ran to the road where their target lay. To keep noise to a minimum the helicopter pilots disengaged the rotors. This would reduce the sound enough so they could keep the engines running. If they came under attack and had to move fast, it would help. Coming under attack here would mean they needed to make a quick escape. If the Chinooks weren’t even running this could cause some major problems.
The Coalition bombardment of Baghdad had started by the time they arrived. The Iraqi’s would hopefully be busy enough with this to come searching in the empty desert close to Baghdad. The explosions and rumbles of the barrage filled the night air. Sadaam’s military establishments, one by one, were being reduced to rubble by the bombs.
The SBS team located the communications cables and started to dig down. After finding it they nicked some of it so experts could examine it back at home. Under the cover of darkness, the men planted explosives all around the area exposed by their digging.
After planting it they cleared the scene – they didn’t want to go up with it – and detonated the charges. The explosives blew and destroyed a 36-metre section of the cables. It was back to two tin cans and a piece of string for the enemy in this area.
Mission Complete
The lads piled back on the helo’s and fucked off, enjoying the fireworks display going on below them. The men completed the whole mission from start to finish inside 90 mins. That’s a hoofin’ achievement. It was a total success, destroying the comms cables and getting out without a single casualty. The Americans sent their congratulations, which was a nice change of heart. General Norman Schwarzkopf wasn’t too keen on using UK Special Forces at first. Stormin’ Norman was chuffed to bits after this mission though, along with General Colin Powell who sent congratulations to London. (www.bootneckstuff.com)
1990. Tuesday 14th August. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of George Fogg Ply/x113277. Born 4th January 1926. (from RMA Queensland).
1990. Monday 29th
October. RM Band of C-in-C Fleet, deployed on board the recently
converted
casualty handling Unit, RFA Argus, sail from Plymouth for military
service in
the Gulf. Casualty handling plus Nuclear, Biological and Chemical
decontamination and protection are the main operational areas for this
force
which, apart from the possibility of Special Forces activity, was the
only
Royal Marines commitment in the first Iraq War. To 19th March 1991.
1990. Royal Marines
were embarked on HM Ships during the Gulf War.
1991. Tuesday 22nd
January. 36 SBS operators were inserted by 2 chinook helicopters from
No. 7
Squadron RAF, into an area full of Iraqi ground and air forces as well
as spies
and nomads, they avoided them and destroyed a 40-yard section of a
fibre-optic
cable with explosives-destroying what was left of the Iraqi
communication grid.
1991. January. 549 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1991. February. The
Special Boat Service carried out one of its most high-profile
operations when
it liberated the British Embassy in Kuwait, abseiling from helicopters
hovering
above the embassy.
1991. Wednesday 17th April. Operation Safe Haven. Around 6' 000 troops took
part in "Operation Safe Haven", with the task of safe guarding the
people of Northern Iraq from possible persecution and providing
humanitarian aid. The troops involved were primarily British but would
also include 1000 troops from the Netherlands. It also involved
substantial numbers from the RAF and the British Army, but the bulk of
the force was provided by 3 Commando Brigade Royal Marines (3 Cdo RM),
minus 42 Cdo RM (one of the three Commando formations which make up the
brigade). An arrangement with the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps (RNMC)
meant that 400 Dutch Marines were also included in the brigade for the
purpose of this deployment (1st battalion RNMC is attached to 3 Cdo
brigade for NATO assigned tasks). The British Marines were ideally
specialised for this task, being assigned to protect NATO's northern
flank (i.e. Norway) and therefore being highly trained mountain troops.
The Mountain and Artic Warfare Cadre (M & AW Cadre) is also part of
3 Cdo, the members of which are all Marines who have volunteered for
and successfully passed an extremely strenuous course in mountain and
arctic operations.
(www.everything2.com/title/Operation+Safe+Haven).
1991. Saturday 1st June. The Royal Marines Band Service ceased to wear the Green Beret.
1991. June. 604 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine M.Y.J. Chin was awarded the Kings Badge.
1991. Friday 12th July. 606 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Simon Hamleton was awarded the Kings Badge.
1991. Wednesday 24th July. For many the Departure of the Royal Marines from
Portsmouth' ceremony on 24th July 1991, held in the Guildhall Square,
was disappointing as the men - a specially imported King's Squad from
CTCRM - marched only from HMS Nelson (the Royal Naval Barracks) and not
Eastney (the Royal Marines Barracks).
In fact a ceremonial march
out' of RMB Eastney was executed on Sunday 6th May 1973 prior to the
'contraction' and fully reported in the Portsmouth "News" the following
day. On that occasion about 400 marines paraded to march out of the
barracks and around the surrounding streets 'with Colours unfurled and
bayonets fixed'. The salute was taken by the Earl Mountbatten of Burma,
our Life Colonel Commandant, who was accompanied by the Commandant
General, Lieutenant General Sir Ian Gourley and the Commanding Officer,
Colonel A G H Juices, It was a wet dull day similar to that of the 24th
July 1991, yet on both
parades the gloom was dispelled by the smartness and bearing of the Marines.
Presumably HMS Nelson was chosen as an assembly point because of
convenience and not from any historical significance, for this site has
never been a Corps stronghold, although many have been quartered there
and now the band of C-in-C Naval Home Command have their home there.
Prior to the naval tenancy a previous barracks had been built partly on
this ground (Anglesea) in 1847 and belonged to the Army. if the Corps
had wanted a symbolic departure point they should have marched instead
from the old HMS Vernon, which now, under the auspices of HMS Nelson
has reverted to its original name - Gunwharf.
There have been Marines in Portsmouth almost since their formation in
various billets - mostly inns! - but since our principal connection
there is with the Royal Marine Artillery, for which Eastney Barracks
was originally built, I shall concentrate on them.
Following their evolution in 1804 when their Headquarters was based at
Chatham and consisted of three Companies, a fourth being established at
Woolwich a year later, it was not until 1817 that the RMA appeared on
the Portsmouth scene looking for quarters, although some RMA may have
called in from ships until 1816. On 6th July that year when the RMA
ceased to serve in warships following an Admiralty letter which stated,
"No more parties of the RMA shall be allowed to flagships in time of
peace and those in ships with Lord Exmouth's Squadron will be sent home
as soon as the expedition under his orders terminates."
At the end of that year their strength was increased to eight Companies
(Order in Council dated 25th November 1816) and Chatham was becoming
too crowded for comfort and training facilities, so, whilst one Company
stayed there, and an additional Company despatched to Woolwich, the
remainder marched to Fort Monkton (near Haslar Hospital, Gosport)
during the first week of June 1817 where one Company immediately
embarked in the transport ship Prometheus bound for Plymouth. Within
three months of hard work by all concerned the Fort was ready for its
purpose as a naval artillery training establishment, and a mortar
battery constructed with a ship-gun practice battery on Southsea
Common. (by Anthony J Perrett RMHS)
1991. Thursday 8th
August. 608 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1991. Thursday 19th
December. 616 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1991. HQ Commando
Forces and 3 Commando Brigade (less 42 Commando) were deployed to South
East
Turkey for Operation Safe Haven.
1991. 'Operation Safe Haven'. Apart from the SBS, the Royal Marines had missed out on the Gulf War's 'Operation Granby'. However, during the humanitarian crisis in the Kurdish areas of Northern Iraq, 40 and 45 Commando deployed as part of efforts to protect the Kurds.
1991. Barrie ‘Bogey’ Knight became the last Sergeant Major to ring the bell in the Sergeant's Mess at Eastney. Barry was involved in most conflicts the Royal Marines were involved in after the Second World War. Joining in 1958, he went to Malaya, Borneo, the Persian Gulf, Aden, Northern Ireland and the Falklands.
Barrie was Sergeant Major on board HMS Fearless during the Falklands War. His responsibilities during the conflict included: the care of survivors from tragedies such as HMS Antelope, Sir Tristram and Sir Galahad, the resupply of weapons, kit and ammunition of those on board.
Those aboard Fearless also deployed to the Falklands via Landing Craft (one of these landing craft – F7 is on display in the RM Museum grounds). Barrie had to ensure each of those troops boarding the landing craft did so safely, especially as they were all carrying so much ammunition and other equipment.
Barrie was the last Sergeant Major to ring the bell in the Sergeant's Mess at Eastney when the barracks closed in 1991. He retired in 1993, as Corps Property Warrant Officer.
Barry Knight |
1992. Friday 31st
January. 618 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine D.J. Bell was awarded the Kings Badge.
1992. Friday 13th
March. 621 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1992. Wednesday 1st
April. Manpower cuts announced reduced the Royal Marines Band Service
to 432
ranks, divided into seven bands.
1992. May - June. The
100th Anniversary Edition of the 'Globe & Laurel', Editor Captain
A.G.
Newing RM. The magazine was now being produced on Whale Island
following the
closure of the Eastney Barracks. Holbrook & Son Ltd were still
printing the
magazine but had now moved to Norway Road in Hilsea.
1992. Thursday 9th April. It is with sadness that we announce the passing of Marine Charles Kenneth Beer RM (Service number: PLY/X111339) (Royal Marines Association).
1992. July. Brigade Patrol Troop of HQ & Signals Squadron. This Troop was to take over the M&AW Cadre’s functions. It began a yearlong trial in July 1992. This proved successful and in the summer of 1993 the Patrol Troop was set up with a Recce Troop, the ML Cadre and an Admin section under a small HQ (OC Bde Patrol Tp + 3). The Recce Tp was commanded by a Lt Mountain Leader who had an HQ of 4 men. There were four Sections each commanded by a SNCO with two ML Cpls and three GD Marines. See G & L 1994 p 77 for full details. The Cadre continued to run courses in mountain climbing and cold weather warfare. The Recce Troop deployed to Switzerland in June 1993 for exercise Ice Flip. In January 1994 the whole Patrol Troop deployed to Norway. During this six weeks of training the Recce Troop made eight parachute jumps. The Cadre continued that year for a further three week in Norway. The Recce Troop by 1997 reportedly had six 4 man teams providing medium range reconnaissance for the Cdo Brigade.(RMHS).
1992. Friday 7th August. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of Arthur Whitworth Ply/x1982. Born 6th November 1919. (from RMA Queensland).
1992. Monday 31st August. First women join the Corps as part of New Entry Squad 2/92 to commence training as Musicians and Buglers.
1992. Thursday 10th September. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of George J. Steel Ch/x102927. Born 18th July 1910. (from RMA Queensland).
1992. Thursday 31st October. The Eastney Barracks was closed. RM Band of C-in-C Naval Home Command relocated to the re-named Eastney Block, HMS Nelson.
1992. Friday 13th November. 636 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Squad photo.
1992. Friday 27th November. 637 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine R.J. Hutton was awarded the Kings Badge.
1992. An Alliance was made with the Barbados Defence Force.
1993. Tuesday 16th February. Two Royal Marines died yesterday after being found unconscious in a tent while on an Arctic warfare training exercise in Norway. A third man was revived after being airlifted with them to hospital in Gjorvik, southern Norway. The Ministry of Defence named the dead last night as Marines Philip Yates, 22, from Norfolk and William Reed, 19, from Tyne and Wear. It said they did not die from cold or exposure and may have been suffocated by fumes from a stove. The news came as Malcolm Rifkind, the Secretary of State for Defence, began a three-day visit to Norway, which will include a visit to the brigade to which the dead men belonged today. (the Independent newspaper).
1993. Thursday 1st April. Headquarters Royal Marines (HQRM). This Headquarters was formed under the command of the Commandant General and took over the functions of: CG’s Department at the MOD; HQ Commando Forces; and HQ Training and Reserve Forces (HQ TRFRM). Initially based in HMS Vernon at Portsmouth, the staff moved to new buildings at HMS Excellent at Whale Island in 1996. Reporting to CG in this Headquarters were in 1997: the commander of 3 Cdo Bde; the commandant of CTC RM; the commandant of RM Poole; the CO of Comacchio Group; the commandant of the RM School of Music; trials unit ATTURM; the director of the RMR; 847 NAS; and the SBS which in 1997 came under a Special Forces HQ for operations but was administered as a unit under command of CG. The Lt Col commanding this HQ staff which included the Personnel Branch RM.(RMHS).
1993. Saturday 17th April. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of Gerry Walker Ply/x4198. Born 1927.
1993. Friday 25th June. 650 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. T.M. Smith was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad photo.
1993. Friday 5th November. 658 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. S.J. Langley was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad photo.
1993. Friday 3rd December. 660 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. M.H. Wood was awarded the Kings Badge. Squad photo.
1994. January. Rumours had been going around for some
time that the SBS and SAS will be merging their process of selection into a
joint Special Forces (SF) Selection Course; we can now confirm that this is
true. RM and RN volunteers wishing to join the SBS will attend Joint SF
Selection in the Brecon Beacons, Brunei and Hereford. There will be two courses
per year, under the supervision of a joint SBS/SAS training team. However,
prior to the start of selection, there will still be a requirement to attend an
aptitude test at RM Poole, which will determine if a man is suitable to operate
in the most challenging of environments.
The new two-week aptitude test will comprise:
Boating Phase is for 1 Week.
Students must Pass the Combat Fitness Test (CFT).
1. Pass the SBS Swimming Test:
(a) 600m in 15mins.
(b) Complete RM BST (50m clothed with weapon and belt
order)
(c) Complete a length (25m) underwater without diving.
c. Complete all canoe paddles.
d. Complete a three-mile portage with canoe and Bergan.
e. Complete a 20 mile paddle.
2. Diving Phase (1 Week)
Students must:
a. Complete a number of dives.
b. Satisfactorily demonstrate all drills taught.
c. Show confidence and a willingness to dive.
The first week is physically and mentally demanding, however
the second week is more relaxed, covering basic diving theory and drills in
slow time, with the aim of instilling confidence and assisting those less
adaptable.
Aptitude Course Dates.
4/93:5th- 17th Sep 93 2/94:12th - 24th Jun 94.
5/93:14th-26th Nov 93 3/94:28th Aug-10th 5ep 94.
1/94:10th-22th Apr 94 4/94:18th-30th Sep 94.
The Selection Course
The outline sequence is:
1. Brecon's Phase (3 Weeks).
2. Pro-Jungle SOP Training (2 Weeks).
3. Jungle Training Brunei (6 Weeks).
4. Officer Week/Signals Training (1 Week).
5. Support Weapons Training (1 Week).
6. Army Combat Survival Instructor Course (2 Weeks).
The three-weeks Brecon's Phase begins with an initial passing-in
phase (including a CFT and a hill walking exercise of 23km with 401b bergan and
weapon) and ends with a test week of six hill walking exercises (a total of
180km with bergan and weapon). The interim period before test week includes a
series of navigation and physical training exercises including a swimming test.
Volunteers should be under no illusion, that preparation for this type of
training must focus on achieving bergan fitness coupled with competent
navigation.
Continuation Training:
1. Demolitions (2 Weeks).
2. OP Training (1 Week).
3. COB Course (2 Weeks).
4. Individual Skills Courses (8 Weeks).
5. SF Parachute Course (3 Weeks).
During the eight weeks individual training period, men
are trained to become SF communicators or medical specialists, whilst the
officers undergo language training and attend a SF Commanders Course. On
completion of the SF Para course, SBS students spend eight weeks learning the
specialist skills of boating and diving, which includes aspects of submarine work,
coastal navigation and tactical swimming operations.
SF Selection Course Dates
1/94: 10th Jan 94 2194:13th Jul 94 1/95:23rd Jan 95. Rank
and age limitations are shortly due to be increased to Sergeant and an upper
age limit of 32. Application for Aptitude Tests will continue to be by C233
Drafting & Course E Request Card to DRORM, or to ADRMOA for officers. The
course is well within the capability of most Marines, particularly those with
the mental commitment and determination to succeed. Training is demanding but
that's the way it has to be. If you are not sure that the SBS is for you,
prepare yourself as best you can, give it a go and then let us decide. The
rewards are most definitely worth the effort and include: a structured career;
job satisfaction; realistic and challenging exercises; extra skills training
(languages/free fall para etc); work with other SF units at home and abroad:
Operational employment and extra pay - but you earn
it.
Interested? Want to know more? For further advice and guidance
contact the Training Squadron at AM Poole. Or put your chit in now.
1994. Monday 10th January. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of Ted Newman (RMLI) RM number unknown. Born 6th March 1905.
1994. Friday 25th March. Royal Marine Band C-in-C Fleet disbanded as part of RMBS redundancies and restructuring.
1994. March. 664 Kings
Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine D.M. Canterbury was awarded the Kings Badge.
1994. Friday 1st April.
Bands renamed. C-in-C Naval Home Command became Portsmouth; Flag
Officer
Scotland and Northern Ireland became Scotland; Flag Officer Plymouth
became
Plymouth; Royal Marine Commandos became Commando Training Centre, Royal
Marines. Royal Marines School of Music and Britannia Royal Naval
College
retained their names.
1994. 6th May. 666 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1994. Friday 13th May.
667 Kings squad passed for duty from Lympstone.
1994.Friday 3rd June. 668 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine K. Walkman was awarded the Kings Badge Squad photo.
1994. Saturday 23rd
July. Lieutenant General Sir Robert Ross, Commandant General, RM
presented a
copy of the 'Soldiers' Chorus from Gounod's opera Faust to 29 Commando
Regiment, Royal Artillery, as their official quick march. This was once
the
quick march of the Royal Marine Artillery.
1994. Saturday 10th September. It is with sadness that we announce the passing of Laurie Allan RM. Po/x110631. Born 05.12.23. (from RMA Queensland).
1994. Sunday 11th September. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of Len Stevens Ch/x1935. Born 18th July 1919. (from RMA Queensland).
1994. Monday 3rd October. Operation Vigilant Warrior. When it looked as if Saddam Hussein was about to move again against Kuwait, 45 Commando were airlifted to Kuwait to bolster coalition forces.
1994. Friday 21st
October. 673 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. W.A. Webb was awarded the Kings Badge
1994. Wednesday 19th October. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of Mauri Hawkyard RMB/x2276. Born 11th October 1930. (from RMA Queensland).
1994.Friday 2nd December.
HRH The Duke of Edinburgh, Captain General, visited the Royal Marines
School of
Music.
1994. Thursday 22nd December. 675 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Squad photo.
1995. 'Operation
Vigilant Warrior' 45 Commando was deployed to Kuwait to bolster
coalition
forces. When it looked as if Saddam Hussein was about to move again
against
Kuwait, 45 Commando were airlifted to Kuwait.
1995. Headquarters Royal Marines was established on Whale Island, Portsmouth.
1995. Sunday 1st January. The White Ensign to be flown in all Royal Marine units.
1995. Tuesday 14th February. L/Cpl Salty Salzano lost his life whilst in Norway during a static line square accident.
1995. Wednesday 15th
February. The Mountbatten Festival of Music Concert at Royal Albert
Hall
directed, produced and recorded entirely by RMBS officers and other
ranks for
the first time. This is now recognised as the largest military band
festival in
the world.
1995. Monday 3rd April. Lieutenant Colonel Sir F. Vivian Dunn died at the age of eighty six. He succeeded Captain McLean as Corps Director of Music on the 31st March 1953, the title changing to 'Principal Director of Music, Royal Marines on the 1st October 1953, an appointment that he held until December 1968. He is the only military Musician to receive a knighthood.
1995.Friday 26th May.
679 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine K.M. Bland was awarded the Kings Badge
1995.Friday 1st September. 3 Commando Brigade Air Squadron RM was disbanded and immediately recommissioned at RNAS Yeovilton as 847 Naval Air Squadron.
1995. Bosnia. Royal Marines act as a Rapid Reaction Force in Bosnia and lost a Marine.
1995.3 Commando Brigade Air Squadron was incorporated into Naval Air Command as 847 Naval Air Squadron.
1995. RM provided the
Commander and the Operations Staff of the Rapid Reaction Force HQ in
Bosnia.
1995. Commando Logistic
Regiment was moved to Chivenor.
1995. 42 Commando and
elements of the Commando Logistic Regiment were on humanitarian and
disaster
relief in the West Indies.
1995. The closing down of the Royal Marines Barracks at Eastney ended yet
another era of Corps history. Of the original three (later four) Grand
Divisions, we have seen the closing of Woolwich Division in 1869 and
the Chatham Division in 1950. The Portsmouth Division RMLI at For-ton
Barracks, Gosport closed in 1923 on amalgamation of the Light Infantry
and Artillery elements of the Corps. Now only Plymouth remains.
The first mention of Marines in the Portsmouth area was Captain Thomas
Killigrew's Company in 1667, and in the ensuing 80 years there were
often companies embarking and occasionally billeted in the area. But
the first permanent garrison was set up in 1755, when an Order in
Council of 5th April specified the raising of fifty companies of
marines for direct service under the Admiralty to be based at the main
naval bases of the fleet, Chatham. Portsmouth and Plymouth, and known
as Grand Divisions. The Portsmouth Division had an initial
establishment of 2,200 men of whom two thirds were likely to be at sea
at any one time. According to a contemporary report these men were to
be 'quartered in Inns, Livery Stables Ale-Houses, Victualling Houses
and all Houses of persons selling brandy, strong waters, cyder or
metheglin. It would have been difficult to devise a better system to
encourage drunkenness, indiscipline and desertion Indeed Brigadier
James Wolfe, of Quebec fame, whose first commission had been in the
Marines, commented 'The condition of the troops that compose this
garrison (or rather vagabonds that stroll about in dirty red clothes
from one gin shop to another) exceeds all belief. They are dirty,
drunken, insolent rascals not improved by the hellish nature of the
place where every kind of corruption, immorality and looseness is
carried to excess Not the most impressive or auspicious start to the
Marines presence in Portsmouth.
By 1802, when the Corps was designated Royal Marines, their total
strength was 30,000 men, most of whom were at sea. The Marines took up
quarters in Clarence Barracks, Old Portsmouth which had appropriately
been built as the King's Cooperage and Brewery. The actual site was
behind the present Naval Club between Pembroke Road and Penny Street.
It has been suggested that Portsmouth was the first Division to have a
band, formed possibly in 1765. Certainly in 1776, the Colonel
Commandant applied to the Admiralty for leave to buy a pair of French
Horns, ours being nearly worn out. The band then consisted of a mere
six musicians who each received sixpence a day in addition to his
normal pay.
The first mention of the Royal Marine Artillery in the vicinity of
Eastney was an exercise at Fort Cumberland in 1817. The Fort, built by
convict labour and completed in 1803, was part of the Duke of
Richmond's plan for fortifying the coast. It soon became a focal point
for the Royal Marines, and continued to be so for 150 years. In the
early days many gruesome stories were told of prisoners trying to
escape across the mud flats. On one occasion four escapees seized
horses harnessed to the gravel carts. Two tried to swim across to
Hayling Island, horses and men being drowned; one was thrown and
recaptured; while the fourth forced his mount into the mud endeavouring
to cross to Milton Common and the horse was slowly sucked under, the
convict being rescued with the aid of ropes.
By 1859 it had been decided that the Royal Marine Artillery should set
up home in Fort Cumberland and 16 companies were established. It was
also decided to build a permanent barracks for the Royal Marine
Artillery and Eastney was the chosen site. A contemporary description
says, 'that the Barracks will stand on an extensive piece of ground,
and its front have a strong defensive work in line with the sea beach
with a Fort at each end - Eastney Fort East and Fort West, each
containing two guns in cavalier bastions and seven guns in embrasures A
critic of the time commenting on this new barracks which mounted guns
of the largest calibre, said 'In case of attack, all shots missing the
batteries will plump straight into the barracks? Work on the new
barracks started in 1862. A year later the first detachments moved into
quarters. (by Captain Derek Oakley MBE (RMHS).
1996. Friday 2nd
February. As a result of the Governments 'Front Line First' initiative
the
proposal to relocate the RMSM from RM Barracks, Deal to HMS Nelson was
confirmed in the House of Commons on 25 May 1995. Relocation to be
completed by
1st April 1996, concurrent with the final stage of the
rationalisation of
the RMBS.
1996. Friday 22nd
March. Disestablishment of the Royal Marines School of Music at Deal.
Beating
Retreat Ceremony by the Massed Bands HM Royal Marines, including the
Band of HM
Marine School of Music, culminated in a final march through Deal.
Attended by
6,000 people in pouring rain.
1996. Friday 29th
March. HQ Royal Marines Band Service and the Royal Marines School of
Music at
Deal closed pending relocation to Portsmouth. HQ RMBS operational at
HMS
Nelson, Portsmouth the next day.
1996. March. 696 Kings
Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine J.J.B. Pittam was awarded the Kings Badge.
1996. Monday 15th
April. Training commenced at RMSM in HMS Nelson. The Royal Naval
Detention
Quarters were specially modified for the purpose.
1996. Friday 4th October. 695 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Squad photo.
1996. Monday 28th
October. Offical opening of RMSM in Portsmouth by HRH The Prince Edward.
1996. The Royal Marines
School of Music was moved to Portsmouth.
1996 - 1997. 42
Commando and a detachment from 539 Squadron were deployed to the Congo
prepared
to evacuate civilians from Kinshasa.
1997. Wednesday 1st January. Musician W.H. Morris awarded the Silver Medal of the Royal Victorian Order in the New Year Honours list. Traditional only awarded to Bandmasters and Colour Sergeants, he was the first Musician to receive this, The Queen's personal award.
1997.Friday 21st
February. 702 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine D.A. Wilkinson was awarded the Kings Badge.
1997. Summer. The 9 Assault Squadron RM. The Squadron was at Poole in the
summer of 1997 and due to embark in HMS Ocean in March 1998. Their
craft was to include four LCVP(5)s.
Miscellaneous. Memorable
dates for operational Landing craft Squadrons: 6th June landings in
Normandy (in 1944) and 21 May landings in San Carlos Water (in
1982).(RMHS)
1997.Tuesday 1st July.
Responsibility for musical training at the Royal Marines School of
Music
transferred from the Royal Marines Command to the Naval Recruiting and
Training
Agency under Flag Officer Training and Recruitment.
1997. Friday 25th July. HRH The Duke of Edinburgh opens new Plymouth Band Complex.
1997. September. Links
between Royal Marines School of Music and the University of Portsmouth
formalised. All courses run by RMSM would be formalised by the
University
enabling Musicians to gain civilian qualifications. RMSM accredited as
a centre
for study.
1997. Friday 14th
November. 719 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone. Marine
Curtis
was awarded the Kings Badge.
1997. Thursday11th December. HMY Britannia Decommissioning Ceremony. Final salute to the ship was paid by the Director of Music and the Drum Major as the Royal Yacht Band, part of the RM Portsmouth Band, marched past the ship playing 'Auld Lang Syne'.
1997. 40 Commando flew to the Congo Republic to protect British interests and
45 Cdo delivered humanitarian aid to Honduras and Nicaragua following a
devastating hurricane.
1998. Thursday 1st
January. Musician J.Z.L. Wright of HMY Britannia awarded the Silver
Medal of
the Royal Victorian Order in the New Years Honours List. Only the
second and
last, Musician to receive this award for service on board the Royal
Yacht.
1998. Friday 6th March.
726 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1998. Wednesday 1st
April. HM Queen Elizabeth agreed that the RM Portsmouth Band should
continue to
provide a Royal Band for the Royal Family. The entire Band including
Buglers,
to wear 'Royal Band' flash at all times and to wear the Traditional
Divisional
Tunic when on Royal Duty.
1998. Friday 19th June. It’s with sadness and deep regret that we announce the passing of Tom Challis RMB/x694. Born 19.06.1998. (from RMA Queensland).
1998. Sunday 19th July. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of Alex Mitchie Ch/x109038. Born 31st January 1909. (from RMA Queensland).
1998. Friday 24th July. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of George Jackson (RMA) 1494. Born 4th November 1898. (from RMA Queensland).
1998. 45 Commando was
on humanitarian and disaster relief deployed to Honduras and Nicaragua,
following a devastating hurricane.
1998. Testing Nuclear Security. SBS teams took part in security exercises involving mock attacks on Britain's nuclear power installations. Controversary arose when accounts of several successful infiltrations of these highly sensitive sites were leaked to the public.
1999. 40 Commando and a
detachment from 539 Squadron in the Congo prepared to evacuate British
Nationals.
1999. Friday 12th February
745 - 746 Kings Squad passed for duty at Lympstone.
1999. Wednesday 28th April. B/CSgt Paul A Evans. P035276F of HMS Collingwood died during an accident.
1999. Saturday 28th
May. In accordance with RM Officer Rank alignment (DCI Gen 39/99),
changes to
be made to Royal Marines dress convertions. e.g. Majors no longer wear
overalls
nor gold leaf on caps.
1999. June. Lieutenant
Phil Kelly RM became the first Royal Marine officer to qualify as a Sea
Harrier
FA2 pilot.
1999.Thursday 1st
July. Royal Marine Officer Ranks aligned with the Army Ranks.
1999. Tuesday 20th
July. Final Royal Tournament - Tri-Service event led by the Massed
Bands of the
Royal Marines. To the 2nd August.
1999. Thursday 19th
August. Exercise 'Argonaut 99' including Ex Northern Approaches
(Turkey) and Ex
Bright Star (Egypt). Major deployment involving 3 Commando Brigade
Royal
Marines, the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps and the Royal Marines
Commando
training Centre band deployed on HMS Ocean. Other Royal Naval ships
were HMS
Fearless, HMS Edinburgh, HMS Percivale, HMS Bedivere and HMS Galahad.
To the
15th December.
1999. September. 20 SBS operators were involved in the Australian led International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) in East Timor. Together with the Australian Special Air Service Regiment and the New Zealand Special Air Service they formed INTERFET's special forces element named Response Force. Response Force departed from Darwin by C-130 Hercules transport aircraft and flew into Dili tasked with securing the airport, a seaport and a heli-port to enable regular forces to land and deploy with the SBS filmed driving a Land Rover Defender out of a Hercules. Response Force was then utilised to perform to a variety of tasks including direct action and special reconnaissance through out East Timor. The British forces withdrew in December 1999, including the SBS. A Sergeant was awarded the Military Cross after his patrol came under fire from pro-Indonesian militia.
1999. Thursday 7th October. It’s with deep sadness and regret that we announce the passing of Vic Wilson RMB/x3034. Born 3rd October 1910. (from RMA Queensland).
1999. Monday 30th November. It is with sadness that we announce the passing of Mike Hughes RM16422. Mike served from 1957 to 1964 and was with 40 Commando RM 1958 to 1960. He took the JNCO course in 1960 and became a Corporal, going on to serve as Landing Craft Coxswain. (Royal Marines Association).
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